國小校長自我領導之個案研究

A Case Study of Principle's Self-leadership in Elementary School

學校領導歷程如能兼俱技術性與藝術性，將能使組織更加和諧，並能提升學校領導之效能。環顧國內外，有關學校領導美學（藝術）的研究並不普遍，但易經貴為中華文化眾經之首，雖不直接談美，卻處處可見和諧之美。如，八卦、六十四卦，排列有序，卦與卦中錯綜複雜，對稱中有和諧又不失整體性，展現陰陽平衡之美。十二辟卦，從復卦（一元復始），經泰卦（三陽開泰），到坤卦，循環往復，生生不息，推演出二十四節氣，展現思慮完備之美。特別是乾坤兩卦道盡了領導者與被領導者（追隨者）之間的巧妙互動關係。易經為中華文化之瑰寶，指引了華人幾千年來的行為。本文首先簡述易經基本概念，次談易經美學內涵，諸如秩序、對稱、和諧的系統動態美，再專談乾坤兩卦之領導智慧，最後則探討易經美學在學校領導上之應用。

If technical and artistic aspects can be taken into account during school leadership process, an organization can be more harmonious and the effectiveness of school leadership can be improved. According to the literature review, there are only a very few studies on aesthetics (arts) of school leadership. However, as the representative of various ancient classic books in Chinese culture, although I Ching does not directly discuss beauty, it reflects the beauty of harmony everywhere. For example, Eight Trigrams and Hexagrams are arranged in order. Although the relationship between hexagrams is complicated, there are harmony and completeness in symmetry to reflect the balance of Yin and Yang. 12 hexagrams from Fu (returning) to Tai (pervading) and Kun represent endless circles, and 24 solar terms were derived from them, reflecting the beauty of thoughtfulness. The two hexagrams, Qian and Kun, particularly reflect the ingenious interaction between leader and the led (follower). As the treasure of Chinese culture, I Ching guides the behaviors of the Chinese for thousands of years. This study is divided into four parts. The first part briefly describes the basic concepts of I Ching; the second part investigates the meanings of aesthetics of I Ching, such as dynamic beauty of order, symmetry, and harmony of system; the third part explores the leadership wisdom of two hexagrams, Qian and Kun; and the fourth part discusses the application of aesthetics of I Ching to school leadership.