新北市旅館及民宿業營運環境與生產效率之攸關性研究－－共同邊界生產函數推估法

Business Environment and Operating Efficiency in the Hotel and B&B Industry in New Taipei City: Application of Meta-frontier Approach

本文使用新北市一般旅館與民宿之非平衡追蹤樣本，以共同邊界分析方法，估計群組內技術效率(GTE)、技術缺口比率(TGR)與共同邊界技術效率(MTE)，並評估內外環境變數對效率值之影響。實證結果發現：(1)新北市一般旅館與民宿皆以國內散客為主要客源，且客房住用率皆偏低。(2)相較於一般旅館，民宿營運規模較小、更勞力密集、每人住宿價格較高、座落於國家風景區者較多。(3)客房住用率與價格較高者，GTE亦較高。(4)民宿的GTE小於一般旅館，這導致民宿的MTE小於一般旅館；且高達70%以上之業者處於規模經濟階段。(5)隨著新北市遊客人數增加，一般旅館的MTE可獲改善，但民宿的MTE則沒有顯著變化。(6)未座落於國家風景區之旅館，客房住用率與TGR皆較高，但民宿則無此現象。

The objective of the research is to evaluate operating efficiency, including group technical efficiency (GTE), technology gap ratio (TGR), and meta-frontier technical efficiency (MTE) of the hotel and B&B industry in New Taipei city, Taiwan. Empirical data revealed the following: (1) The occupancy rate in this industry is low and individual Taiwanese are the main customers. (2) Compared to hotels, B&Bs, on average, are smaller in operating scale, lower in occupancy rate, more labor intensive, and have a higher room price per person. In addition, more B&Bs than hotels are located in national scenic areas. (3) The results indicate that the higher the occupancy rates and price, the higher the GTE are. (4) On average, GTE and MTE of B&Bs are smaller than those of hotels, and more than 70% of hotels and B&Bs meet the economic scale. (5) As the number of tourists increases in New Taipei city, the average MTE of hotels increases, while the MTE of B&Bs remains the same. (6) Being located in national scenic areas has a negative influence on the occupancy rate and TGR for hotels, although this has no impact on B&Bs.