產業之不確定因素對供應鏈管理策略與其績效影響之研究

A Study on the Industry Uncertainty Affecting the Supply Chain Management Strategy and Its Performance

隨著資訊科技的進步，以客戶為導向的新市場經營模式之興起，迫使了企業的供應鏈體系結構產生了快速的變革，而選擇最佳供應鏈管理策略的因素是為了符合產品或服務的需求本質，以及因應環境之不確定性。本研究以對國內股票上市公司之製造業者做廣泛調查的結果來做研究，將重點著重於探討影響供應鏈設計之主要因素，及供應鏈設計策略適當與否是否會影響其績效。本研究以不確定因素、供應鏈管理策略、供應鏈績效這三個構面來探討，目的在於分析環境影響之不確定因素下，對於供應鏈管理策略之採用，及其策略與績效之關聯為何，以供企業在進行供應鏈管理時有一適當之方針。研究方法採調查研究法，共寄出209 份問卷，有效回收問卷為113 份，回收率55.39％。研究分析結果將供應鏈管理策略與不確定因素各分為三個集群。環境之不確定性因素會影響供應鏈管理策略的設計，其中生管面之每項變數皆會受其影響；而合夥關係管理面則只有兩項變數會受其影響。供應鏈管理策略的合夥關係管理與供應鏈績效呈現正相關，但生產關係管理則與供應鏈績效無關，因此更進一部分析出在不確定性低之環境影響下，供應鏈管理策略與供應鏈績效有關，且最適合採取回應式的設計，其次則是效率式的設計，而唯存貨成本偏高群之績效則最差。

With the progress of information technology, the new customer-oriented marketing business models are growing, which make industries’ supply chains’ structures drastic exchanges. The purposes choosing optimal supply chain management (SCM) strategy are to match the essential needs of products and services and to overcome the environmental uncertainties. This research aims at Taiwan’s manufacturing industries which have stocks to markets, focus on the main factors which affect supply chains design and explores if the proper designs of SCM strategy affect its’ performance. The research is based on three parts, which are environmental uncertainty, SCM strategy and supply chain performance, analyze the use of SCM strategy under the environment uncertainty and the relationship between SCM strategy and supply chain performance. This research provides a proper policy to obey for the policy makers of industries executing SCM. This research utilizes survey method. Survey instruments were sent to 209 questionnaires, and 113 were collected, with 55.39% response rate. The results of data analysis form three clusters of SCM strategy and three clusters of uncertain factors. The uncertain factors will affect the design of SCM strategy. We find that all variables of operation management part will be influenced, but only two variables of partnership management part will be influenced. There exists positive relative between the partnership management and supply chain performance, and no significant relationship between operation management strategy and supply chain performance. More analysis show that under the low environmental uncertainty, the SCM strategy is associated with supply chain performance and further more we find that the responsive supply chains are the best design, the second place are efficient supply chains and the worst are the high-inventory cost only cluster.