專業內的通識與通識內的專業－－以醫護專業倫理為例

General Education in Professional Programs and Professional Courses in General Education: An Example of Professional Ethics in Healthcare and Nursing

「通識教育」之義，筆者以為，乃形塑整全之人的博雅教育。在一般概念上，似乎只是相應於專業教育之外的「補足」或「補充」教育！另一方面，通識教育的內容幾乎含括一切專業，相形之下，通識課程即猶如眾專業的「集合」！在前述如此兩個「基本」概念之下，通識教育或課程即成了「非專業」或「不專業」之教育或課程，換句話說，「通識」無專業可言，甚至是不專業的一個組成，通識教育也就是一些泛泛不專業或非專業之課程的組合。可是，講授通識課程的教師卻都是具備專業知能的學者，難道只是因為所講授的內容可能比較淺顯，就認定其為「非專業」或「不專業」嗎？這裡，至少牽涉到「專業」、「通識」之義為何？再來就是，所言「非專業」或「不專業」所指又為何？最後，更是涉及「通識」與「專業」間之究竟如何？本文即欲藉由一般視為通識教育的專業倫理課程來探討上段所舉「通識」與「專業」間之種種疑惑，但因專業倫理所涉範圍太廣，因此將之限於醫護專業倫理，一方面醫護倫理一直為筆者探討之範疇，另一方面，醫護倫理亦一直幾為醫護相關科系必開設之課程。雖然醫護倫理未必被視為或納入醫護專業課程，但是由其間之密切關聯的探究，可為解除「通識」與「專業」間之種種疑惑，露出一絲端倪。

The author believes that the meaning of general education is liberal education that includes holistic education. In the general concept, general education merely serves as a supplement for professional education. However, the content of general education includes almost all aspects of professional education. In this case, general education seems to become the congregation of all professionalism. The previous two basic concepts indicate that general education is a non-professional or unprofessional curriculum. In other words, general education is not professional at all. General education is a combination of non-professional and unprofessional classes. However, the teachers of general education are in fact all professional teachers in their fields. Can one conclude that these teachers are unprofessional just because their teachings are simpler in the general education curriculum? Moreover, how does one define the meaning of professional education and general education? At last, what is the connection between general education and professional education? This paper discusses the issues between the professional ethics in general education and professional education. Considering the broad range of the subject, this paper only focuses on professional ethics in healthcare and nursing. On one hand, the author is specialized in the field. On the other hand, professional ethics in healthcare and nursing have always been included in medical and nursing curricula. Although professional ethics in healthcare and nursing may not be included in professional classes, a study that investigates the connections between them can provide certain answers to the questions.