國小學童在班級人際友誼網絡之初探分析

The Social and Interpersonal Network Analysis of Class in the Primary School

同儕互動與團體經驗對兒童在未來人際發展會具有一定的影響力 (Gifford-Smith & Brownell， 2003)，而同儕關係與兒童團體中的派系 (Cliques) 在國小階段的兒童中期階段 (9-11歲或中高年級) 就逐漸開始形成 (Bagwell et al.， 2000)。本研究旨在探討國小班級人際友誼網絡的情形，包括班級中的網絡關係與結構、派系、中介角色……等，其次探討兒童的「學業成就」、「外貌」、「性別」與其在人際中受歡迎程度的關係。最後，探討在國小「包班制」的環境中，級任教師與兒童的人際友誼網絡的關聯。\r本研究採用問卷調查法，資料樣本採自某國小二至六年級中156位兒童與5位教師，資料採用Pajek與SPSS 12.0軟體，分析方式採用社會網絡分析（Social Network Analysis）、相關分析、t考驗…等。研究結果顯示在班級友誼網絡中，隨著年級的增加，班級中的派系數與小團體也隨之增加，且班級中性別區隔的情形會益加明顯；學童的外貌與學業成就與其受歡迎程度有正向關係，且國小學童偏愛與同性別的同學為伍；教師較喜愛的學生具有外貌佳、學業成就高的特性，但教師較喜愛的兒童，未必會是在同學之間被喜愛的人物。研究結果大致上支持研究假設，最後，針對研究結果的理論意涵、帶來的啟發與研究方向進行討論，並提出研究限制與具體建議。

Peer interactions and group experiences exert a profound influence on the future of children (Gifford-Smith & Brownell， 2003). The peer relation and the cliques formed among the groups of children begin in the middle period (9-11years old) (Crockett， Losoff， & Petersen， 1984). This research had the following purposes. First， it intended to explore the interactions of elementary students' interpersonal social network. Next， it examined the relationships between the teacher and the children's social network. Generally speaking， this study not only discussed the network structure， cliques， and the mediating role in each class， but also explored the peer relationships among children on the basis of “academic index，” “social index，” and “appearance index.”\rThe framework of this research is Social Network Analysis (SNA). Questionnaire results had been collected from five teachers and 156 students from five classes to probe into several psychological effects of peer relations in the class， including “the attraction law，” “halo effect，” “Birds of a feather flock together，” “unlike charges attract.” Moreover， it examined the following relations: “appearance vs. social network，” “academic performance vs. social network，” and “gender vs. social network.” Finally， it intended to find out if there is a significant difference between the teacher and common students in respect of their preferred student. After the collected data had been cross analyzed by Pajek and SPSS， this study had the following finding: children's popularity is closely related to their appearance， academic performance and gender. Elementary students tend to make friends with students in the same gender. On the other hand， the teachers have the preference for the students who are good-looking and have great academic performance， but these students may not be popular in the peer. This result generally supported the research hypothesis. Finally， on the basis of the findings， the theoretical implications， topics for future research， and the limitations of this study have been discussed.