臺灣原住民tiyuma(鞦韆)文化之研究

Swinging between the Sacred and the Profane: A Study on the Tiyuma Culture of the Indigenous People in Taiwan

tiyuma或ljakai（鞦韆）是台灣原住民Paiwan族的特有婚禮儀式，亦為人類極為普遍且歷史悠久的遊戲，從歷史文獻、影像繪圖與台灣原住民口傳歷史即可印證。但當前在台灣原住民殘留的傳統文化變遷之時，資本主義氛圍之進逼致使tiyuma（鞦韆）文化的意義喪失傳統文化之內涵，取而代之的是各個號稱原住民文化園區、主題餐廳的行銷文化之地景標誌，以及滿足人們肉體在擺盪中起落的快感。本文透過文獻分析探討tiyuma（鞦韆）文化發展之脈絡，之後再以田野實查、觀察與訪談、地理資訊系統（GIS）等方式，描繪目前tiyuma（鞦韆）活動的空間分佈範圍；以此為背景採取詮釋學之論述方式，嘗試從地理學觀點論述tiyuma（鞦韆）文化的空間轉移過程與其在原住民族社會中所代表的意義，並分析進行tiyuma（鞦韆）儀式中所呈現之神聖性與世俗性空間變化。\r期望由研究中繪製tiyuma（鞦韆）文化儀式分布圖。再透過深度描述（deep describe）方式討論tiyuma（鞦韆）文化儀式變遷歷程，以梳理出原住民在tiyuma（鞦韆）儀式進行中世俗空間與神聖空間之轉移機制、以「人為中心」的空間概念、傳統社會階序尊卑的制度等等，最後綜理出台灣原住民族特有之tiyuma（鞦韆）文化的深層意義。透過原住民主體論述的方式，解釋tiyuma（鞦韆）的深層文化精神，作為開啟台灣多元文化的對話機會，也為迅速凋零的原住民南島文化盡一份心力。

Tiyma or Ijakai1 is a general game of the human race with a long history， which can be evidenced by historical documents， photos， pictures and tales from the indigenous people in Taiwan. However， today， when the traditional culture of the indigenous people in Taiwan changes， the cultural meaning of the Tiyma culture has lost its traditional cultural connotations， which has been replaced by the landmarks for culture marketing of so-called Indigenous People Cultural Parks and Theme Restaurants.This study probes into the context of the development of the Tiyma culture through documents， and then shows the space distribution of the Tiyma culture at present through field surveys， investigations and interviews， and then， based on this background， discusses the course of the space transfer of the Tiyma culture and its meaning in the society of the indigenous people in hermeneutics and analyzes the connotations of the space transfer on the way of the Tiyma culture.It is expected to discuss the course of the ceremonial transfer of the Tiyma culture through deep description to coordinate the transfer between the sacred space and the profane space during the Tiyma ceremony of the indigenous people， and finally， with the Anthropocentric concept and the hierarchy in the traditional society etc.， summarize the deep meanings of the unique traditional culture of the indigenous people in Taiwan so as to add to the characteristics and the infinite value of the Austronesian Culture of Taiwan.