成人工作家庭優勢量表之發展研究

Development of the Work-Family Strength Scale for Working Parents in Taiwan

本研究旨在發展成人工作家庭優勢量表，並了解優勢經驗在相關背景因素的差異情形。適用為需兼顧家庭之全職工作者，量表分成完整和簡短兩版本，前者共有25題，後者有12題，皆包含工作對家庭之優勢及家庭對工作之優勢兩部分。以6點量表方式填答，分數愈高表示優勢程度愈明顯。量表的發展分為三階段，第一階段，先以41位每週需工作40小時以上、同時需照顧未滿18歲之雙生涯成人為對象，以焦點訪談蒐集相關經驗，以作為編製量表題目參考。第二階段透過4位專家進行檢核以提升內容效度，接著進行預試分析，將所得208份問卷進行項目分析與選題、刪題後因素分析及信效度分析等以確立題目。第三階段，以561名參與者為對象，進行正式量表之信效度驗證。結果發現，兩版本之分量表和總量表的內部一致性皆頗高，驗證性因素分析以及效標關連效度分析結果顯示本量表的效度具有不錯的水準。背景變項差異比較結果發現，女性在工作對家庭的優勢上顯著高於男性，家事時數的差異則有待更進一步的探討。最後根據研究結果進行討論，並提出未來研究及實務應用上的建議。

The study aimed to develop and validate the full and short versions of the Work-Family Strength Scale (WFSS) for working parents in Taiwan. The full version comprises 25 items， and the short version comprises 12 items. Both versions consist of two subscales which are rated on a 6-point Likert Scale - Work to Family Strength and Family to Work Strength. In the first stage， the first author recruited 41 men and women with children under the age of 18， who worked over 40 hours per week. Focus groups were conducted to collect the data which were used to generate items of a pilot scale. In the second stage， four experts assessed content validity of the pilot scale. Then， the pilot scale was administered to 208 participants using the purposive sampling method. Using this dataset， a formal scale was developed based on the results of item analysis and factor analysis. In the third stage， 561 participants were administered the WFSS. With the collected data， the author initial psychometric evidence was gathered through validity analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that (1) Cronbach’s reliability coefficients for the two subscales of WFSS in the two versions were high; (2) Upon the structural equation modeling， the overall model fit and individual item reliability of this study was good. Meanwhile， the MFSS scores were found to be correlated with the career adaptabilities. Women scored higher than men in the Work to Family Strength subscale. The chore hours difference needed a further exploration. Suggestions for practice and future studies were provided.