注意力缺陷過動症之環境影響因素研究

The effect of environmental factors to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder children

注意力缺陷過動症（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder，以下簡稱ADHD）又稱注意力不足過動症或過動兒，其最主要的症狀為注意力不集中、衝動和過度活動。目前國內外探討ADHD的相關研究頗多，主要在其學習方面可能出現成效不佳等問題。許多研究都針對ADHD的一些特有的行為及特徵去研究，但環境因素在學習方面對注意力不足過動症的影響，似乎還不被重視。因此本研究的目的主要是探討教室環境佈置對ADHD兒童的影響，藉由此研究結果來了解注意力缺陷過動症兒童之環境影響因素，以期對ADHD兒童本身及家長或老師能有所助益。本研究方法係使用軟事觀察法及老師唔談方式，分別對六位ADHD兒童及他們補習班的老師進行資料收集，並提供六個問題來了解周遭學習環境對ADHD見童影響，例如教室環境佈置、教室佈置更新、孩子對教室內的哪一種設備或物品比較感興趣、教室是否有安靜的角落可舒緩情緒、桌椅位于是否固定等影響注意力不足過動症兒童的周遭學習環境囡子。在此研究結果中發現教室環境的佈置皆會引起六位幼童的注意力，顯示教室佈置的重要性，而當教室佈置更新時，其中有五位會注意或去觸摸甚至去破壞。上課學習時，孩子指定座位甚至最好是坐在老師的前面或旁邊，多數兒童因為坐不住還是會跑來跑去的，而教室內提供獨立安靜的角落雖能改善他們不穩的情緒，但僅一半的幼童有效。我們研究結果顯示環境佈置會影響ADHD兒童的學習能力，若能先將環境佈置成適合他們的情境，或是運用環境的設備佈置做為引導孩子集中注意的工具，對ADHD兒童其實有很大的助益。

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is known to occur in a number of clinical psychiatric illness and may result in inattention and hyperactivity. Previous investigators have postulated that ADHD children may be stimulated by teacher's clothing color and classmate behavior. However, it remains unknown if ADHD children can be influenced by changing the classroom interior design. The objectives of the present study were (1) to investigated and characterize the responses of ADHD children to classroom interior design, and (2) to examine whether the increased activity of ADHD children is associated with the renew of classroom interior design, or position of tables and chairs. Six ADHD children are collected from different school. Data are recorded through daily observations and discussion with theirs. Besides, we design six questions to recognize the influence of the classroom environment on the ADHD children. Five out of six ADHD children has noted the changes, and touched, even destroyed the new, different classroom interior design. The results suggest that environmental factors would influence the ADHD children. And, through changing the classroom interior design, we have the chance to improve the learning behavior of ADHD children.