1996~2007年臺灣地區學校文化研究的狀況與前瞻

The Research and Prospect of School Culture from 1996 to 2007 in Taiwan Area

本研究針對1996-2007年台灣地區學校文化有關的「博碩士論文」、「學報（刊）論文」和「國科會專案研究報告」共143篇論文進行分析。結果發現學校文化研究的主題含蓋「學校文化描述及策略擬訂」、學校文化與「效能」、「校長領導」、「學校管理」、「教師」有關的研究及「其它」六大範圍。其中研究較多為「學校文化描述及策略擬訂」，和學校文化與「校長領導」、「學校管理」有關的研究。「校行政人員文化」、「制度文化」、「物質文化」、和「跨國學校文化比較」等專題研究較少。有54篇量化研究分別證實學校文化與「學校效能」、「校長領導」、「組織變革」、「教師效能」、「專業發展」等具有正相關。質性研究結果支持學校文化反映社會文化及具有個別特色，和可能兼具「對立與統整、積極與消極」的論點。學校文化研究選取的組織對象大部份集中在中小學。研究方法除理論論述外，多數研究採用「問卷調查法」和「訪談法」。研究典範的應用大多數以邏輯實徵論為基礎。多數論文的目的取向旨在進行學校文化狀況的調查描述，及探討學校文化與其它變項之間的「相關」情形，理論模式建構與驗證的研究較少。針對研究結果，研究者提出七項未來研究上的建議。

The purposes of this study are to analyze the researches of school culture based on the data from 1996 to 2007 and to provide future research suggestions in Taiwan. 143 researches including doctoral and master theses, journal articles and project reports of National Science Council are analyzed. Results indicate that the researches during the period can be divided into six dimensions: cultural description and strategies, and relationships among school culture and school effectiveness, principal leadership, school management, teacher profession, and others. Most researches focus on cultural description and strategies, and relationships among school culture, principal leadership, and school management. Research topics such as administrators’ culture, institutional culture, material culture, and cross country culture are few. 54 quantitative researches evidence that school culture is positively related to school effectiveness, principal leadership, school change, teacher effectiveness, and teacher professional development respectively. Qualitative researches show that school culture is affected by the social culture and unique in each school. School culture is complicated with mixing positive and negative characteristics. Most researchers select elementary and secondary schools as research targets, use survey and interview methods, and apply theoretical foundation on logical positivism. The majority of researches aim to describe school culture and to inquire relationships among school culture and different variables. Based on the findings, seven suggestions for future researches are proposed.