戰爭敘事中的身體論述與陽剛主體形構——以《從黑夜到天明》與《小英雄與老郵差》為例

Imagining the Body and Constructing the Masculine Subject in the War Narratives of Cong Hei Ye Dao Tian Ming and Xiao Ying Xiong Yu Lao You Chai

本文以少年小說戰爭敘事的經典作品《從黑夜到天明》（1968）和《小英雄與老郵差》（1993）為研究文本，聚焦探討戰爭敘事中的身體論述與陽剛主體形構兩者密合交織或另類呈顯的錯綜關係。研究指出兩書男童主角陽剛主體的塑型，雖仍可見忠勇愛國的正規形象，實則滿布流動的性別符碼與意涵。若將傷殘的身體、弱化的陽剛之軀，以及充斥在文本之中殘破的身體意象納入觀察，則這兩部少年小說的戰爭敘事，明顯可見陽剛主體形構的矛盾曖昧與複雜多變。其中，《從黑夜到天明》男童主角兼具陽剛與陰柔的雙重性別意象，以及《小英雄與老郵差》男童主角頑童角色與英雄身分的糾結互涉，以及兩書關於身體行動力與身體異化的對比描寫，皆使少年小說戰爭敘事以身體為論說場域的陽剛主體形構，呈顯繁複多元的辯證關係。

Drawing on Judith Butler's body theory and R. W. Connell's theory on men's bodies, among others, this paper aims to explore the complex and dynamic discourse and representation of body images, as well as the construction of the masculine subject, in the war narratives of 'Cong Hei Ye Dao Tian Ming' (From Darkness to Dawn, 1968) and 'Xiao Ying Xiong Yzi Lao You Chai' (The Little Hero and The Old Mailman, 1993). It is argued that the masculine subject constructed and/or negotiated in and through the textual discourse, in particular, in the representations of various body images, in the two paradigmic texts of the war narratives for young readers is replete with multiple significations and sometimes contradictory and/or ambivalent implications. To be more specific, the masculine subject constructed in the juvenile fiction of war is not to be taken as unitary, static, and in a state of naturalness and obviousness, but possibly dubious, ambiguous, contradictory and multi- faceted. For instance, the boy protagonist in 'Cong Hei Ye Dao Tian Ming' is framed in a double image of toughness and tenderness; whereas, the boy protagonist in 'Xiao Ying Xiong Yu Lao You Chai' is one oscillating from the image of a wild, naughty, and delinquent boy to a model hero worthy of respect and praise. Another example is the substantial contrast between the masculine body in valiant action and the demised, deformed, disabled, and thus alienated male bodies. In a word, the mobility and the complexity of gender significations of the masculine subject are operative and significantly constructed in and through the body discourse of the war narratives for the young.