內部軍事勤務關係之國賠責任探討

The Deconstruction of the State Compensatory Liability of Internal military service relations in military authority

隨著社會民主開放及資訊發達，軍中人權保障逐一受到重視，代表著國軍在致力官兵戰訓整備的同時，更應盡全力保障官兵權益，讓全體官兵都能安心服役，為單位貢獻心力。惟近年來仍發生軍中事故致生「國家賠償」爭議，可能肇因於管理幹部「未遵法令與程序」及軍事機關「設施欠缺管理」等違失，致生官兵或眷屬向國防部或向民意代表陳情事件，影響社會視聽。承此理由，本文乃從特別權力關係在近期大法官相關解釋逐一解構下，對於處於此地位的官士兵之國家賠償請求權是否隨之解構加以探討，其後針對國軍內部軍事勤務所致生國家賠償責任要件，透過近期各法院受理國家賠償案件加以分析，以及日本有關安全配慮義務之裁判，透過研究國軍內部軍事勤務致生國家賠償責任之案例，亦可讓我們瞭解對於國家賠償責任之法律關係爭訟中不同法律主張可資參考，進一步作為思考受害人保護有效機制的建置，以及思考軍事機關如何有效防杜國賠責任的發生等。

The main purpose of discussing the State Compensation Law in military authority from two perspectives, including the liability for damages arising from the act of employees of the government acting within the scope of their office, and from a defect in the installation or management of government-owned public facility. A case study comparison was done between the court of Japan and Taiwan, where the verdicts from both courts were compared so as to construct a pattern for state’s liability in military compensation. We hope that in this way, controversy over state compensation liability could be controlled.