從類比的角度探討創造思考過程

Examining Creative Thinking Process from the Analogical Perspective

類比不僅是一種修辭技巧，它其實是人類認知的基礎，類比廣泛地存在人類生活的各個層面，但可惜的是僅有少數人注意到它的存在與微妙之處，更遑論它與創造思考間的重要關連性。本文旨在探討類比與創造思考之間的關係，希望能夠對此重要議題有所貢獻。文中首先探討類比的基本內涵、特徵與原則，再提及類比在傳統智力測驗中所扮演的角色，然後進入到本文的主旨，其中包括類比與創造力理論、類比與反向整合思考、類比與創造力測驗、置換法則、顯喻與隱喻之間的差異等。類比不僅是分析思考的重要成分，更是創造思考的核心，類比具有相當大的潛力用來豐富創造力測驗的內涵；此外，它亦可融入教學活動以提升學生的創造力。

Not only a kind of figurative language， analogy is viewed as the foundation of human cognition at present. Analogy exists everywhere but only a few people pay attention to its existence and subtlety， let alone its significant connection with creative thinking. This article is intended for explicating the relationships between analogical and creative thinking， so as to add to the insufficient literature in this field. In the article， the definition， characteristics， and principles of analogy are first delineated. Then， the role analogy plays in the traditional intelligence tests is also addressed. After the background information regarding analogy comes the main portion of the article， including analogy and creativity theories， analogy and Janusian thinking， analogy and creativity tests， the re-arrangement rule， differences between simile and metaphor， etc. Analogy is the cornerstone of creative thinking， in addition to being the main element of analytical thinking. Analogical thinking can thus be used to enrich the content of creativity tests and be integrated into the instructional activities designed to promote students’ creative thinking.