日本國小學童地震防災學習成效對家長防災行為影響之研究：以東京都大杉東國小為例

The Effect of Elementary School Earthquake Disaster Prevention Learning on Parents' Preparedness Behavior in Japan: A Case Study on the Osugi-Higashi Elementary School of Tokyo

2011年舉世震驚的日本規模9.0的311大地震，因成功的校園防災教育，有效減緩災情擴大並大幅降低災害損失。本研究旨在釐清國小防災學習透過學童傳達的方式對於家長防災行為態度的強化與提升是否具有成效。針對「社區防災示範校園」的東京都大杉東國小五、六年級學童及其家長為研究對象。採用問卷調查法，探究國小學童的地震防災學習表現情形，以及地震防災學習經由學童傳達的方式對於家長在地震防災行為態度之影響情形，研究結果歸納如下：(1)六年級學童的地震防災學習表現優於五年級學童；(2)若學童地震防災學習表現良好則能有效增進家長的傳達互動；(3)學童的地震防災學習成效佳，對於家長在地震防範與家庭防災對策實施態度表現上的積極性具有顯著的強化作用；(4)地震防災學習透過學童的傳達途徑與地震對策重要性的宣達，對於家長地震防災行為態度的提昇具有正面成效。本研究針對日本實際案例進行調查研究，取經日本經驗提出建議，期能提供我國教育相關單位於落實學校教育推廣社區防災時之參考借鏡。

A global shocking earthquake scaled at 9.0 magnitude struck north-east Japan on March 11， 2011. The successful education for disaster prevention in schools is believed to substantially contribute to the reduction of disaster losses. This study aimed to clarify the effects of disaster prevention learning on the attitude of children’s parents through conveying messages from children. In order to investigate the situation between children’s performance and their parents’ attitude toward disaster prevention response， a survey was conducted among the fifth and sixth graders and their parents of Osugi-Higasi elementary school in Tokyo， where the Model of Community Disaster Prevention School Project was conducted. The study obtained the following findings: (1) the sixth graders’ learning performance of earthquake disaster prevention was superior to the fifth graders’; (2) the interactions and communication exchanges between the children and their parents were significantly improved for the children excelling in earthquake disaster prevention learning; (3) the children excelling in earthquake disaster prevention learning had a positive and obvious impact on promoting their parents’ attitudes toward earthquake disaster prevention and household-based safety measures; (4) both earthquake disaster prevention learning through the transmission by children and advocating the importance of earthquake countermeasures had a positive impact on promoting their parents’ intentions for earthquake disaster preventing. Base on the findings， this study hoped to provide feasible plans for advocating community disaster prevention policy through educational systems in Taiwan.