親師共同參與重度障礙學生個別化教育計畫之研究

The Action Research on Parents and Teachers Participating in the Individualized Education Program of a Student with Severe Disabilities

本研究之目的在探討親師共同參與IEP擬定與執行所遭遇的問題和困難，以一名重度障礙學生的需求和親師互動的問題為出發點，組織以家長和教師為核心之行動團隊，透過參與式行動研究的過程尋找解決問題的策略。親師共同參與IEP擬定與執行的行動歷程包括：（1）形成行動團隊、（2）瞭解團隊現況與需求、（3）共同擬定行動計畫、（4）實施生態評量、（5）共同擬定IEP、（6）發展IEP執行與調整策略、（7）共同執行IEP、（8）檢討與調整IEP、（9）評量學生學習成果、（10）共同檢核行動成效。研究結果發現，親師共同參與IEP擬定與執行的行動歷程，除了能夠促使重度障礙學生獲得良好的學習結果外，亦能促進教師與家長的共同參與意願和合作能力。研究發現合作性團隊的運作、系統性行動策略的應用與調整，以及建立親師溝通的平\r台，是親師共同參與的可行方式，此外，定期召開團隊檢核會議，經由團隊成員間的討論與分享，以及適時地同理和支持，能促進親師間有效的溝通和互動，以及合作性團隊的運作。

The purpose of this study was to explore the problems and difficulties encountered by parents and teachers when designing and implementing the individualized education program (IEP) of a student with severe disabilities. The collaborative team consisted of teachers and parents. From the progress of the action research， the team wanted to know the feasibility and effects of the IEP process. For this reason， potential problems of the IEP and parent-teacher relationship would be diminished. The process of this action research on parents and teachers participating in the IEP included: (a)forming the action team， (b)understanding the present situation and needs of the team， (c)designing the action program together， (d) practicing the ecological assessment， (e)designing the IEP together， (f)developing adaptation strategies of the IEP， (g)implementing the IEP together， (h)reviewing and adapting the IEP， (i) assessing the learning outcomes of the student， (j) examining the results collaboratively. The major findings were summarized as follows:1 The collaboration of parents and teachers on the design and implementation of IEP increased the learning performance of the student with severe disabilities. At the same time， it also promoted participation and cooperation between teachers and parents. 2 The methods for parents and teachers to design and implement the IEP included: (a)implementing collaborative teamwork， (b) adapting and implementing systematic strategies， (c) establishing communication between parents and teachers.