少數族群、國家治理與日常生活：以日本帝國殖民下的東臺灣阿美族人為例（1895－1945）

Ethnic Minorities, National Governance and Everyday Life: The Case of Amis People in the East of Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Empire (1895-1945)

日治以來，東臺灣被殖民官員規劃成為日本內地移民的天堂。施添福將日治時期的西臺灣的發展稱為「第一臺灣」，亦即「資本型的殖民地」特色。東臺灣的阿美族與卑南族的生活世界，則被稱為「第二臺灣」。殖民者意圖並施行內地移民東臺灣的「內地化東臺」計畫。所以「第二臺灣」，也就是以「移住型的殖民地」為其特色。日人的內地人口與東臺灣的圈地運動，無形壓迫到阿美族等平地原住民的生活空間。相對於第一及第二臺灣，山地原住民的生活世界被稱為「第三臺灣」。因著日本帝國對山地社會的封鎖政策，所以被稱為「封鎖型殖民地」。日治以降的社會發展，使得「第二臺灣」的阿美族與卑南族，與山地原住民（「第三臺灣」）漸行漸遠。本文試圖考察日本殖民帝國二個治理術之主要層面，去探討日治時代以來，殖民政策及其執行，對於阿美族人社會及文化產生的重大改變。第一個層面，日人政策展現於公共領域層面，其影響阿美族群體之公共生活秩序；另一私生活層面，日人透過社會教化手段，影響阿美族家屋空間安排及其生活作息。除此之外，本文亦將兼具由下而上的社會史學觀點，指出殖民文明化政策下阿美族人的聲音，尤其文化衝突下所觸發的不滿，以及因此引起的地方日常生活抵抗。

Since the Japanese occupation, colonial officials have planned the east of Taiwan to be the immigration paradise for people from Japan. Tien-fu SHIH called the development of western Taiwan during the Japanese occupation as ''the First Taiwan'', with characteristics of ''capitalist colony''; the east of Taiwan, where Amis and Puyuma People live, is called ''the Second Taiwan''. The colonizer intended and implemented the project of ''Japanization in the east of Taiwan'' for the immigrants settling in such area. Therefore, ''the Second Taiwan'' is famous for its characteristics of ''settler colony''. The immigrant population from Japan and the enclosure movement in the east of Taiwan have imperceptibly make the Amis people and other lowland indigenous peoples experience oppression in their living space. Compared to ''the First Taiwan'' and ''the Second Taiwan'', the realm of indigenous people living in mountains is called ''the Third Taiwan''. Because of the Japanese Empire's blockade policy against the mountain indigenous peoples, ''the Third Taiwan'' is also known as ''blockaded colony''. The social development of Amis people in ''the Second Taiwan'' has gradually drifted apart from that of indigenous peoples living in mountains after the Japanese occupation. This study analyzes two levels of governance by the Japanese Empire in order to understand the colonial policies, their implementation, as well as the great change for Amis people in their daily lives. The first level is the public sphere, which influenced the ordering of public life of the Amis people. The other level is the private sphere, which influenced the private lives of the Amis people. In addition, this study also utilizes the perspective of new social history, highlighting voices of Amis people about their experience of civilizing policies of the colonial authorities, especially their everyday resistance at the local level caused by the cultural conflict.