加密貨幣財產權保障與監管──從美國發展現況出發

Safeguarding and Regulating Cryptocurrency Property Rights - Insights from the Experience in the United States

系所名稱：法律學系
學位別：碩士
畢業學年：111
指導教授：蔡瑄庭
加密貨幣一直以來都是一個備受爭議的話題。自從比特幣在2009年問世以來，加密貨幣市場不斷擴大，吸引了越來越多的投資者和使用者。鑑於加密貨幣的去中心化、匿名性、去國界和無法追蹤等特性，產生著許多問題，如洗錢、恐怖融資等各種非法活動。2022年更是各種動盪幣圈事件接頻傳，加密貨幣的財產權保障和監管成為了各國政府和監管機構關注的重要議題。在美國，其之證券交易委員會及商品期貨委員會不僅積極對加密貨幣進行執法監管，美國國會也正在加快腳步為監管加密貨幣立法。我國更是在2023年4月為金融投資型及支付類的加密貨幣訂出主管機關，並擬出未來監理方向。
但對於要如何監管加密貨幣，勢必要先了解其之性質與技術，才能為其找出相對應之法律定性。加密貨幣具有複雜的特性和不斷進步的技術，有可能具有多種特徵，使其難以明確分類，因此若僅以單一類型來定性，可能無法全面監管。本文目的在於能為現有的加密貨幣分類標準存在的模糊性和不足之處，提供更多的示例與思考方向，希望這些考慮因素能夠為未來的加密貨幣立法提供更多參考依據。
總體而言，加密貨幣的財產權保障和監管問題仍然存在許多挑戰和難題。隨著加密貨幣市場的不斷發展和演變，相關的監管和法規也需要不斷調整和更新。未來，各國政府和監管機構需要更加關注這一問題，制定相應的監管和法規，以保護投資者和消費者的權益，並推動加密貨幣市場的健康發展。

There are various illegal activities, and cryptocurrency unrest was frequent in 2022, making property rights protection and cryptocurrency regulation a major issue for governments and regulators worldwide. In the United States, both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have been actively enforcing regulatory measures for cryptocurrencies, and the U.S. Congress is accelerating the pace of legislation to regulate cryptocurrencies. Regulatory bodies for security and payment token cryptocurrencies have been established in our country this year, and future regulatory directions have been formulated.
However, for effective regulation of cryptocurrencies, it is necessary to first understand their essence and technology in order to establish an appropriate legal framework. Cryptocurrencies have complex characteristics and constantly evolving technologies, which may have various features that make them difficult to classify. Therefore, relying on only one type for classification may not be sufficient for comprehensive regulation. The purpose of this article is to address the ambiguities and shortcomings of existing cryptocurrency classification standards by providing further examples and options for consideration. It is hoped that these factors can serve as additional reference points for future cryptocurrency laws.
Overall, there remain numerous challenges and difficulties in ensuring the protection of property rights and the regulation of cryptocurrencies. As the cryptocurrency market continues to evolve, relevant rules and regulatory measures must be constantly adapted and updated. In the future, governments and regulators of all countries must pay more attention to this issue and develop appropriate regulations and measures to protect the rights of investors and consumers and promote the healthy development of the cryptocurrency market.