年金改革對中高齡國小教師之生涯規劃與調適：違反心理契約之觀點

The career plan and adjustment on the middle- and older-aged elementary school teachers in the wave of the pension reform:The perspective of psychological contract breach

本研究聚焦於年金改革所帶來的影響，探討中高齡國小教師的生涯規劃及調適。對11位受訪者進行深度訪談，結果顯示，選擇教職的初衷包括「追求穩定與單純的生活」、「考量家庭經濟因素」、「熱忱與興趣」、以及「福利及附加價值誘人」等。其年金改革前的生涯規劃為：「財務管理」、「休閒旅遊」、「心理健康及成長」；對年金改革的想法與感受有：「難以接受，忿忿不平」、「無安全感，憂心忡忡」、「莫可奈何，面對現實」、「快速調適，隨遇而安」；年金改革後的生涯規劃與調適分為：「後顧無憂，一切照常」、「縮小願望，調整方式」、「亡羊補牢，加強規劃」、及「未來茫然，不如歸去」。本研究總結在年金改革後：（1）教師心理受到衝擊、情緒難平；（2）調適有賴個人資源或轉念；（3）財務因素躍升為退休規劃之重要考量。最後，本文以生涯調適及心理契約兩個觀點，討論年金改革對中高齡國小教師生涯規劃及心理的影響，提供未來更進一步研究或實務之參考。

 

This study aimed to understand the career plan and adjustment of the middle-and older-aged elementary school teachers, focusing on the effects of the waves of pension reform. In-depth interviews were conducted on eleven middle-and older-aged elementary school teachers. The main findings were as below. First, there were four kinds of intentions for choosing to be teachers initially. Second, participants had three types of retirement plans before the pension reforms, they were financial management, leisure and traveling, mental health and growth. Third, participants reacted differently towards the pension reforms, some felt depressed and angry, some felt anxious, and some decided to face the changes and adjust. Fourth, participants reformulated their career plans after the pension reforms, some stuck to the original plans, some made flexible adjustments to the original plans, while some remained anxious and decided to retire. Based on the findings, we discussed career adaptability and psychological contract. We also provided suggestions for further research and practical interventions.