以德行倫理結合生命倫理四原則促進醫療人權

The Combination of Virtue Ethics and the Four Principles of Bioethics to Promote Rights of Health Care

醫療人權強調病患於醫療過程中獲得高品質的醫療及應享之權益，包括尊嚴權、自主權、隱私權、醫療資訊取得權等。而促進醫學倫理發展，使醫師於臨床工作中決策、行動皆能遵循倫理，乃落實病患權利保障之可行途徑。本文檢視當前倫理決策普遍使用之生命倫理四原則方法，並指出原則主義的不足之處，進而主張以德行倫理學結合原則論之進路，培養醫師於倫理決策過程發揮實踐智慧，有助於醫療人權之提升，最終將使醫病雙方都獲益。

The concept ''rights of health care'' emphasizes patients' right to high-quality medical care and their rights to dignity, autonomy, privacy, and access to medical information during medical processes. Promoting the development of medical ethics so that physicians will make decisions ethically is a feasible way to protect patients' rights. This article reviewed the four principles of bioethics, which are commonly used in ethical decision-making and points out the limitations of principlism. Furthermore, the approach of combining virtue ethics and principlism was discussed. By training physicians to use their practical wisdom in ethical decision-making, health care rights can be promoted, and ultimately both physicians and patients will be benefitted.