臺灣藥物濫用之衝擊與防治

The Negative Impacts and Preventive Strategies of Drug Abuse in Taiwan

藥物濫用引發之重要危害，已成為全球所關注的重大社會與衛生議題。台灣地區的藥物濫用與防治也是政府施政焦點之一；2017年行政院頒布「新世代反毒策略」，除了防堵毒品暨非法（或非處方）藥物之取得，藥物濫用議題應從個人開始使用藥物或毒品的源頭及原因探究起，藉由跨專業合作協助個人脫離藥（毒）害；一旦開始濫用，宜早期篩檢或發現其個人與家庭問題，必要時需藉由醫療服務進行適當的戒癮治療與預防措施。過去在藥物濫用預防策略上，政府／非政府組織的交流合作有限，當務之急在於發展跨領域、系統化及全面性之可行方案，強化相關資源網絡之連結。本文分析現階段台灣藥物濫用對健康與社會之危害，倡議防治政策應以全面性、選擇性、指標性三大策略為架構；規劃系統化、整合式之服務藍圖，最後提出藥物濫用防治策略的八大行動綱領與28項防治方案。期能藉此提升跨專業服務量能與連結強度，促進醫療、司法、教育、衛生等專業交流與合作，以推動個案分流處遇、成功復元的實質成效，使藥物濫用的處遇在各體系間溝通無礙，讓民眾在支持性環境中安全生活。

The negative impacts of drug abuse (DA) on health and society have become important issues world-wide. In Taiwan, prevention of drug abuse was one of the central government's major concerns. The National Strategy for Drug Abuse Prevention was announced and implemented in 2017 by the Administrative Yuan in Taiwan. The prevention on DA started from the intervention on the initial use and associated risk factors of the individual users. Only through the interdisciplinary collaboration, the prevention and refusal on DA for individual could be successfully achieved. Early identification of DA and accompanied family or psychosocial determinants are important for provision of timely medical service and preventive measures. The current issue in Taiwan for DA prevention and management was a lack of enough collaboration between governmental and non-governmental organizations. The urging needs are developing an adequate model on inter-professional multidisciplinary collaboration through systematic, integrative and comprehensive approaches. This article aimed to analyze the negative impacts of DA on health and society, to present the clinical characteristics of DA, and to propose the preventive strategies. Based on evidence-based literature review, focus group findings, and multidisciplinary professional consensus, the authors developed the universal, selective and indicated strategies, which included the underlying eight major guidelines and associated 28 action plans. Through implementation of these action plans, we expected to increase the quantity and quality of professional service, strengthen the collaboration of the related parties (i.e., health and education professionals, inter-departmental communication of various levels of governments, etc.), enhance the community reintegration of DA individuals, and finally empower the general public to live safely in a supportive society.