臺灣半總統制的國會權力與憲政秩序：以總統國情報告、國會調查權和藐視國會罪為例

Parliamentary Powers and Constitutional Order in Taiwan’s Semi-Presidential System: A Case Study of the Presidential National Address in Parliament, Parliamentary Investigation Powers, and Contempt of Parliament

本文主要研究問題是分析半總統制的國會如何監督行政部門以及國會權力的運作如何影響憲政秩序的維繫。主要的焦點是半總統制下總統和國會之間如何互動以及國會的權力行使如國會調查權和藐視國會罪如何影響行政部門、立法部門和司法部門三個憲政機關的互動和競爭，以《立法院職權行使法》修法中有關總統國情報告、國會調查權和藐視國會罪之規定為例。本文的結論是立法院有權制定新的職權行使法或修訂現行法律，但如果修法的結果是侵害其他憲政機關的權力或課以其他權力機關在憲法上所無規定的義務時，就不能高舉國會自律為理由來迴避憲法法庭的審查。國會主要的工作是立法、審查預算和監督行政部門，而不是扮演準司法機關來行使其他權力機關的職權。國會至上會破壞民主政治的權力分立，唯有經由憲法解釋宣告國會立法違憲，才能維繫權力制衡的憲政秩序。

The main research question of this article is to analyze how parliament in a semi-presidential system oversees the executive branch and how the exercise of parliamentary powers influences the maintenance of constitutional order. The focus is on how the president and parliament interact under a semi-presidential system and how the exercise of parliamentary powers, such as parliamentary investigation powers and contempt of parliament, impacts the interaction and competition between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The article uses the example of the Legislative Yuan’s Powers and Functions Law, focusing specifically on provisions related to the presidential national address in Parliament, parliamentary investigation powers, and contempt of Parliament. The conclusion of this article is that the Legislative Yuan has the authority to enact new powers and functions laws or amend existing laws. However, if the result of such amendments infringes on the powers of other constitutional branches or imposes obligations on other branches that are not specified in the constitution, it cannot use parliamentary autonomy as a justification to avoid constitutional court review. The main duties of parliament are legislation, budget review, and supervision of the executive branch, rather than assuming quasi-judicial roles to exercise the powers of other branches. Parliamentary supremacy would undermine the separation of powers in a democratic political system, and only through constitutional interpretation declaring unconstitutional legislation by parliament can the balance of powers and the constitutional order be maintained.