從PISA-VET探討動力機械群師資缺乏與學生專業能力學習影響之因應芻議

Exploring the Factors Contributing to the Impact of Teacher Shortages and Students’Professional Competence Development in Power Mechanical Engineering Group: Insights from PISA-VET

臺灣面臨少子女化和師資缺乏的挑戰，本文探討動力機械群的師資培育現況，並分析了近三年四技二專統一入學測驗的成績和考生人數，動力機械群報考學生人數有下降趨勢，發現學生在專業科目一和專業科目二的考試成績，其專業知識基礎尚需加強，且成績呈下降趨勢。因此，本文借鏡OECD推動PISA-VET的國際評量，其測驗內容包括職業領域和就業技能，強調學習者的實務能力。進而探討動力機械群面臨師資缺乏與學生專業學習的影響。提出三項建議：第一強調師資培育，應該重視教師素質，擴大師資培育的公費名額，確保教師具備足夠的專業知識和教學能力；第二結合實務操作，在課程設計中融入更多的實務操作，讓學生能夠在真實的工作環境中學習；第三PISA-VET對我國技職教育的啟示：入學測驗試題宜參考PISA-VET國際評量作法命製，將職業領域與就業技能導入對應之專業群科，作為專業科目與實習科目在教學設計之參考依據。以精進我國職業教育與訓練的課程、內容與學習環境等。

Taiwan is currently facing teacher shortages and the impact of declining birth rates, with highly specialized vocational fields being particularly affected. This study analyzes entrance examination results and candidate numbers over the past three years in the Power Mechanical Engineering group to examine the effects of teacher education on students’professional knowledge and skills. It also draws on international developments, referencing OECD PISA-VET initiatives and trends in assessing automotive maintenance competencies. Based on these findings, three recommendations are proposed. First, government departments should prioritize teacher education, expand publicly funded positions, and ensure teachers possess sufficient professional knowledge and teaching abilities. Second, curriculum design should incorporate more practical operations, allowing students to learn in real-world work environments. Third, exam questions should reference the trends of PISA-VET international assessment, integrating vocational fields and employment skills into corresponding professional disciplines, serving as a reference for the design of professional and practical subjects. This will improve the curriculum, content, and learning environment of vocational education and training in Taiwan.