詐欺犯罪危害防制條例「類落地」條款之法制建構與前瞻

The Legal Construction and Prospects of the“Quasi-Implementation”Provisions of the Fraud Crime Hazard Prevention Act

因網路平臺所引起的諸多亂象，已是當前民怨所在。過去長久以來臺灣習以道德勸說、行政指導軟性的行政措施敦促業者出面整治亂象，管制成效不彰。2024年7月詐欺犯罪危害防制條例通過施行，其中創設「類落地」條款，即便不落地的業者也應指定法律代表作為窗口，並以「封網」作為治理業者之「類」終局手段，堪稱我國網路平臺治理法制建構的重要里程碑，值得稱許。
本文觀察，對飽受境外虛假訊息攻擊的臺灣來說，我國通盤性對抗虛假訊息的法制建構與調適，卻因種種因素而未能如打詐相關法律般持續向前邁進。反滲透法雖對於外國敵對勢力滲透危害我國公職選舉、公投、遊說有較嚴格之限制性規定，亦有罰則，但對於境外敵對勢力最常透過代理人採用之滲透方式，如投放政治性廣告及散布假訊息介入選舉過程及結果等，仍缺乏明確法律要件。當社群平臺淪為外國敵對勢力滲透與分化的武器之際，台灣應該更明快整備相關法制，以因應變局。

The numerous problems arising from online platforms have become a source of public discontent. For a long time, Taiwan has relied on moral persuasion and soft administrative guidance to urge businesses to address these issues, with limited effectiveness. In July 2024, the Fraud Crime Prevention Act was passed and implemented, creating a“quasi-on-the-ground”clause requiring even businesses without a physical presence to designate a legal representative as a contact point. The act also uses“blocking the website”as a final, albeit“quasi-,”measure to govern these businesses. This is a significant milestone in the legal framework for governing online platforms in Taiwan and deserves recognition.
This article observes that for Taiwan, which suffers greatly from attacks by foreign disinformation, the overall legal framework for combating disinformation and its adaptation have not progressed as steadily as those related to anti-fraud laws due to various factors. While the Anti-Infiltration Act contains stricter restrictions and penalties for foreign hostile forces infiltrating and harming Taiwan’s public office elections, referendums, and lobbying, it still lacks clear legal requirements for the infiltration methods most commonly used by foreign hostile forces through agents, such as placing political advertisements and spreading disinformation to interfere with the election process and results. As social media platforms become weapons for foreign hostile forces to infiltrate and divide, Taiwan should more quickly develop relevant legislation to respond to the changing situation.