人工智慧時代金融監理法制之轉向與調適

Transformations and Legal Adaptations of Financial Supervision in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

本文旨在探討人工智慧（AI）時代下金融監理法制所面臨的轉向與調適議題。隨著AI技術在金融領域的廣泛應用，傳統金融監理框架面臨演算法偏見、數據隱私、系統穩定性、責任歸屬不明以及市場集中等新興風險與挑戰。本文首先分析AI在金融服務中的應用現況及其潛在風險，並檢視現行金融法規對AI應用的適用性。接著，比較國際間主要金融監理機構和國家在AI金融監管方面的態度與發展趨勢，借鑒其經驗。在此基礎上，本文提出人工智慧時代金融監理法制應從傳統監理轉向風險基礎監理與科技中立原則，並調適監理工具，運用監理沙盒、監理科技（SupTech）與法遵科技（RegTech）。最後，建議未來法規調適的方向，包括建立AI倫理準則與治理框架、強化數據治理與隱私保護、明確演算法透明度與可解釋性要求、完善責任歸屬與損害賠償機制，以及促進國際合作與監管協調，以期為建構更具韌性與前瞻性的AI金融監理法制提供參考。

This article examines the issues of transformation and adaptation facing financial regulatory frameworks in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). As AI technologies become increasingly prevalent in the financial sector, traditional supervisory models are confronted with emerging risks and challenges, including algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, systemic stability, unclear liability allocations, and market concentration.
First, the article analyzes the current uses of AI in financial services and its potential risks, then assesses the applicability of existing financial regulations to AI deployments. Next, it compares the approaches and developmental trends of major financial supervisory authorities and countries regarding AI regulation in finance, drawing lessons from their experiences.
Building on this foundation, the article argues that financial regulation in the AI era should pivot from conventional oversight towards risk based supervision and a technology neutral principle, while adapting regulatory tools such as regulatory sandboxes, supervisory technology (SupTech), and regulatory technology (RegTech). Finally, it recommends future regulatory adaptations, including: (1) establishing AI ethics guidelines and governance frameworks, (2) strengthening data governance and privacy protections, (3) stipulating clear requirements for algorithmic transparency and explainability, (4) refining liability attribution and compensation mechanisms, and (5) promoting international cooperation and regulatory coordination. These measures aim to inform the construction of a more resilient and forward looking AI inclusive financial regulatory system.