高強度間歇訓練對軍人衝刺速度與負重移動表現之影響

The effects of high-intensity interval training on sprint speed and load-carrying performance in Taiwanese military personnel

緒論：現行臺灣軍隊體能訓練模組及測驗方式，與實際作戰所需之高強度間歇體能型態存在落差。近年已證實「30-15間歇體能檢測」（30-15 intermittent fitness test, 30-15 IFT）之動作模式與軍人實戰反覆衝刺之高強度間歇型態相近。本研究以30-15 IFT檢測方法獲得「速度間歇體能測試」（velocity intermitted fitness test, VIFT）之最後一階速度，作為設定高強度間歇訓練（high intensity interval training, HIIT）介入的個別化強度依據，對於訓練軍人衝刺速度與負重移動表現效能之影響。方法：本研究招募40名20至30歲男性職業軍人（年齡：24.8±2.5歲；身高：172.1±6公分；體重：70.9±11公斤；體脂率：16.4±5.3%；3000公尺跑步成績：812.4±57.9秒），依3000公尺跑步成績分層隨機分配實驗組與對照組各20名。實驗組接受高強度間歇訓練系統中的「反覆衝刺訓練」（repeated-sprint training, RST）模組，每週2次、為期8週，對照組維持傳統常規體能訓練。介入前後進行30-15 IFT（換算VIFT與V̇O2max）、「20公尺衝刺」（20m-sprint）與美國陸軍戰鬥體能測驗項目中「衝刺-拖曳-負重攜行」（sprint-drag-carry, SDC）測驗。統計方法採用皮爾森相關分析與混合設計二因子變異數分析。結果：RST訓練對軍人在20m-sprint與SDC效能表現具顯著增進效益（p < .05），VIFT與V̇O2max、20m-sprint及SDC等項目之間具中高度相關性（p < .05）。結論：以30-15 IFT獲得VIFT（檢測方法），應可作為軍人設定反覆衝刺訓練介入之強度判定，從而提升軍人衝刺速度與負重移動之表現。

Introduction: The current physical training modules and fitness assessments adopted by the Taiwanese military often fail to reflect the high-intensity intermittent physical demands required in actual combat. Recent studies have shown that the movement patterns of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15 IFT) closely resemble the repeated sprinting and high-intensity intermittent activities encountered by military personnel in real-world scenarios. This study utilized the final stage velocity from the 30-15 IFT referred to as the Velocity Intermittent Fitness Test (VIFT) to prescribe individualized training intensities for high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The purpose was to investigate the effects of HIIT on sprint speed and loaded movement performance in soldiers. Methods: Forty male ground force soldiers aged 20 to 30 years (age: 24.8±2.5 years; height: 172.1±6.0 cm; weight: 70.9±11.0 kg; body fat percentage: 16.4±5.3%; 3000-meter run time: 812.4±57.9 seconds) were recruited and stratified randomly into an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20) based on their 3000-meter run performance. The experimental group underwent a repeated sprint training (RST) program, performed twice weekly for 8 weeks, while the control group followed traditional physical training. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the 30-15 IFT (for VIFT andV̇O₂max estimation), 20-meter sprint (20m Sprint), and the Sprint-Drag-Carry (SDC) event from the U.S. Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT). Statistical analyses were conducted using Pearson’s correlation and two-way mixed-design ANOVA. Results: The RST intervention significantly improved the performance of the experimental group in both the 20-meter sprint and SDC tests (p < .05). Moderate to strong correlations were observed among VIFT, estimatedV̇O₂max, 20-meter sprint, and SDC performance (p < .05). Conclusion: The final velocity obtained from the 30-15 IFT (VIFT) can serve as an effective basis for prescribing individualized repeated-sprint training intensities. This approach may enhance sprint speed and load-carrying performance in military personnel.