六週振動滾筒介入對團隊運動員小腿後肌群神經肌肉功能對稱性之效益

Effects of 6-week vibration foam rolling intervention on neuromuscular functions of the calf muscles in college team sports athletes

緒論：振動滾筒（vibration foam rolling, VFR）介入能夠立即提升關節活動範圍、肌肉硬度、跳躍功能與敏捷表現，短期VFR介入亦能對神經肌肉功能產生正面效應。然而，尚未研究探討VFR在運動訓練前熱身使用的效益為何？本研究主要目的為比較6週VFR介入對大專足球員小腿後三頭肌神經肌肉功能之效益。方法：實驗設計為平行隨機對照試驗。二十四名來自於同一支大專一級足球隊球員以隨機分派至VFR訓練組與控制組（每組12名）（訓練組：年齡= 19.4±0.9歲、身高= 175.2±5.9公分、體重= 64.9±6.5公斤；控制組：年齡= 20±0.9歲、身高= 173.8±4.9公分、體重= 67.6±9.2公斤）。訓練組每週於專項運動訓練熱身運動前進行雙腿振動滾筒訓練介入，而控制組則進行例行性的專項運動熱身，介入期程為6週。參與者在訓練介入前與後分別進行比目魚肌的H反射、踝關節活動範圍（蹠曲與背曲）與肌肉硬度（比目魚肌、內側腓腸肌、阿基里斯腱）。數據將以平均數與標準差呈現，並以Shapiro-Wilk檢定來檢視數據常態分佈，統計分析將採用共變異數分析來比較組別之間的訓練效應。另外，前測與後測變化百分比將用來比較變化量，以獨立樣本t檢定來分析組間差異。結果：研究結果顯示，VFR訓練組在6週後非慣用腳背曲關節活動範圍明顯增加（F1, 22 = 5.890, p = .024，前側15.0±4.2度vs後側23.2±6.7度），而其他測量參數訓練前後比較則未達顯著差異（p > .05）。結論：本研究結論為6週VFR介入做為足球熱身運動對運動神經興奮性與小腿後三頭肌肌肉硬度無顯著效果，但能增進踝關節背曲活動範圍。

Introduction: Vibration foam rolling (VFR) intervention provides acute effects on an increase in joint range of motion (ROM), muscle stiffness, jump, and agility performance. The short-term VFR intervention can also result in optimal benefit in neuromuscular performance as well. However, the chronic effects of VFR implemented during warm-up (WU) exercises of daily training sessions are unclear. This study investigated the effects of 6-week bilateral VFR intervention on neuromuscular functions in the calf muscles of college soccer players. This study was conducted as a field-based protocol. Methods: The experimental protocol was based on a parallel and randomised controlled trial design. Twenty-four male players from the first division of University Champion League were randomized into an interventional group or control group (12 participants for each group; VFR group: age = 19.4±0.9 yrs, height = 175.2±5.9 cm, body weight = 64.9±6.5 kg; control group: age = 20±0.9 yrs, height = 173.8±4.9 cm, body weight = 67.6±9.2 kg). The interventional group performed a bilateral leg VFR intervention during weekly training sessions for 6 weeks during WU activities, while the participants in the control group maintained their WU routine during the study period. The participants completed bilateral assessments of soleus (SOL) H-reflex, ankle joint ROM (plantarflexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF)), and muscle stiffness (SOL, medial head of gastrocnemius (MG), and Achilles tendon) before and after the 6-week training period. Statistical analysis was conducted after examining the normal distribution of each variable with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for the statistical analysis of group comparisons in all parameters. An independent t-test was also used to analyse the pre-and-post percentage changes of measuring variables. Results: The results showed that a significant increase in the DF ROM of the non-dominant limb was found in the training group (F1, 22 = 5.89, p = .024). The improvement was 56.8% (pre-training measure: 15.0±4.2 degrees vs post-training measure: 23.2±6.7 degrees). No significant differences in other variables were found (p > .05). Conclusion: The 6-week VFR training used as a soccer warm-up activity cannot alter the spinal motoneuron excitability, muscle stiffness of the soleus, medial head of gastrocnemius, and Achilles tendon. Improvement in DF is suggested to optimise ankle flexibility.