單次力竭阻力運動對健康男性合成及分解代謝荷爾蒙之影響

Effects of acute exhaustive resistance exercise on anabolic and catabolic hormones in healthy young males

緒論：力竭阻力訓練可提升總訓練量，然而是否會造成一般健康族群過大的運動壓力反應，反而對肌肉生長有不利影響，仍是值得深入探討的主題。因此，本研究旨在探討未規律阻力訓練之健康男性完成單次力竭與非力竭阻力運動後代謝壓力及合成/分解荷爾蒙之差異。方法：本研究招募9名健康成年男性（年齡：22.1±1.4歲），以隨機交叉設計完成力竭阻力運動（F: 70%1RM，3組至力竭）、非力竭阻力運動（NF: 70%1RM，3組各7次）及控制試驗（C）。記錄總訓練量及session rating of perceived exertion（sRPE）並於運動前、運動後立即、30分鐘及90分鐘採集血樣樣本，測量乳酸、生長激素、睪固酮、皮質醇濃度。資料以相依樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及二因子重複量數變異數分析進行統計分析。結果：總訓練量（F: 6881.1±1203.4 kg; NF: 4213.6±507.9 kg）和sRPE（F: 9.0±1.2; NF: 5.7±1.7）在力竭試驗顯著高於非力竭試驗（p < .001）。力竭試驗中，乳酸在運動後立即（F: 16.3±2.2 mmol/L; NF: 11.1±2.0 mmol/L; C: 2.6±0.3 mmol/L）、運動後30分鐘（F: 9.3±2.0 mmol/L; NF: 4.8±1.5 mmol/L; C: 2.1±0.3 mmol/L）和運動後90分鐘（F:3.4±1.0 mmol/L; NF: 2.2±0.4 mmol/L; C: 1.7±0.3 mmol/L）顯著高於非力竭試驗（p< .001, d = 2.1; p = .002, d = 1.8; p = .007, d = 1.4）與控制試驗（p < .001, d = 6; p < .001, d =3.6; p < .001, d = 2）。生長激素濃度則是在運動後立即（F: 3.7±0.4μg/mL; NF: 2.3±0.8μg/mL; C: 1.5±0.5μg/mL）與運動後30分鐘（F: 3.4±0.4μg/mL; NF: 2.4±0.8μg/mL; C:1.5±0.4μg/mL）顯著高於非力竭試驗（p = .001, d = 1.9; p = .031, d = 1.1）與控制試驗（p< .001, d = 4.1; p < .001, d = 4.2）。在運動後立即力竭試驗的睪固酮濃度（F: 589.1±170.3ng/dL; NF: 503.9±132.1 ng/dL）顯著高於非力竭試驗（p = .007, d = 1.4）；而皮質醇濃度在運動後立即（F: 21.7±5.0μg/dL; NF: 14.1±6.4μg/dL; C: 13.4±5.9μg/dL）則是力竭高於非力竭（p = .041, d = 1）和控制試驗（p = .012, d = 1.3）。主要效果分析顯示睪固酮/皮質醇比值在力竭試驗顯著低於非力竭試驗（p = .006, d = 0.7）和控制試驗（p = .005, d = 0.6）。結論：力竭訓練對乳酸濃度和生長激素變化的影響最為顯著，但睪固酮/皮質醇比值的下降也代表力竭訓練後分解代謝大於合成代謝。整體考量合成分解代謝荷爾蒙反應及主觀感受分數，未具規律阻力訓練經驗健康男性在選擇增加肌肉質量的阻力訓練處方時，建議採用非力竭訓練，既可產生足夠刺激合成代謝反應同時不會過度疲勞。

Introduction: Exhaustive resistance training protocols can increase total training volume; however, whether such protocols induce excessive exercise stress in healthy individuals—potentially blunting muscle growth—remains unclear. This study aims to explore the differences in metabolic stress and anabolic/catabolic hormone responses following exhaustive and non-exhaustive resistance exercises in healthy males. Methods: Nine healthy adult males (age: 22.1±1.4 years) participated in a randomized crossover study, completing resistance exercise to failure (F), non-failure resistance exercise (NF), and a control trial (C). The failure trial involved performing three sets to failure at 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), while the non-failure trial consisted of three sets of seven repetitions at the same load. Total training volume and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) were recorded. Blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately post-exercise, and at 30 and 90 minutes post-exercise to measure concentrations of lactate, growth hormone (GH), testosterone, and cortisol. Data were analyzed using pair t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Higher total training volume (F: 6881.1±1203.4 kg; NF: 4213.6±507.9 kg) and sRPE (F: 9.0±1.2; NF: 5.7±1.7) were observed in the failure trial compared to the non-failure trial (p < .001). Lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the failure trial immediately post-exercise (F: 16.3±2.2 mmol/L; NF: 11.1±2.0 mmol/L; C: 2.6±0.3 mmol/L), 30 minutes post-exercise (F: 9.3±2.0 mmol/L; NF: 4.8±1.5 mmol/L; C: 2.1±0.3 mmol/L), and 90 minutes post-exercise (F: 3.4±1.0 mmol/L; NF: 2.2±0.4 mmol/L; C: 1.7±0.3 mmol/L) compared to the non-failure (p = .001, d = 1.9; p = .031, d = 1.1) and control trials (p < .001, d = 4.1; p < .001, d = 4.2). Growth hormone concentrations were also significantly higher in the failure trial immediately post-exercise (F: 3.7±0.4μg/mL; NF: 2.3±0.8μg/mL; C: 1.5±0.5μg/mL) and 30 minutes post-exercise (F: 3.4±0.4μg/mL; NF: 2.4±0.8μg/mL; C: 1.5±0.4μg/mL) compared to the non-failure (p = .001, d = 1.9; p = .031, d = 1.1) and control trials (p < .001, d = 4.1; p < .001, d = 4.2). Testosterone concentrations were significantly higher immediately post-exercise in the failure trial (F: 589.1±170.3 ng/dL; NF: 503.9±132.1 ng/dL) compared to the non-failure trial (p = .007, d = 1.4), while cortisol concentrations were also higher in the failure trial immediately post-exercise (F: 21.7±5.0μg/dL; NF: 14.1±6.4μg/dL; C: 13.4±5.9μg/dL) compared to both the non-failure (p = .041, d = 1) and control trials (p = .012, d = 1.3). The testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio was significantly lower in the failure trial compared to both the non-failure trial (p = .006, d = 0.7) and control trials (p = .005, d = 0.6). Conclusion: Resistance exercise to failure significantly affects lactate and GH concentrations, indicating elevated metabolic stress. However, the T/C ratio suggests a greater catabolic than anabolic response following resistance exercise to failure. For healthy males without regular resistance training experience seeking muscle hypertrophy, non-failure training is recommended. This approach provides sufficient anabolic stimulation without causing excessive fatigue.