從「隨宦」到「造命」海外：清代至民初江浙閨秀跨域能動性研究

From Spousal Relocation to Self-Determination: Transnational Agency among Jiang‑Zhe Gentlewomen, Qing to Early Republican China

本文以清乾嘉至清末民初為時間軸，以江浙閨秀——潘素心、王貞儀，單士釐、陳衡哲四位非典型傳統閨秀為研究對象。現今學術研究多以其著作、文學群體研究居多，多囿限於個案生平或單一主題為研究；再則研究上缺乏系統性的跨時空代際關聯性研究，因此本文擬以「時代—身份—文本」三重維度探究清乾嘉至清末民初的四位女詩人處於社會轉型中，如何藉由文本跨域表述社會民情與女性意識相關議題探究。本論文首以清乾嘉時期官宦遊歷型潘素心、家庭遊歷型王貞儀為研究，著重其被動跨域行旅中對邊陲地區微觀社會民情、經濟現象探究；再則以清末民初主動跨域之外交眷屬型單士釐與庚款留學型陳衡哲為研究，考察其旅居國外對於教育、文化、平等相關議題。根據研究結果所示，四位同為書香門第之閨秀，皆生於開明教育家庭，提供充足教育資源下，婚後夫族家庭同樣支持其學術發展與跨越閨闈，促使其積累深厚文化底蘊為共性維度，差異維度在於跨時代的變遷，由被動跨域依附宦遊、遊歷到積極主動跨域爭取庚款留學海外，亦可看出從清代至民初女性跨域行動的演變，傳統閨秀到近現代知識女性，時代更迭造就不同跨域經歷與觀察視角之差異性，不僅是地理移動，更是性別角色與知識權力的轉向。

Despite the strict social prescriptions of the Qing dynasty, certain gentlewomen traveled extensively, some even residing abroad. This study examines four non‑traditional gentlewomen from the Jiang‑Zhe region—Pan Suxin, Wang Zhenyi, Shan Shili, and Chen Hengzhe—from the mid‑Qing to the early Republican era. Moving beyond existing case‑based or thematic approaches, this paper employs a tripartite framework of period, identity, and text to trace how these writers articulated cross‑border perspectives on social conditions, equality, and women’s education during a time of transition.
The analysis begins with Pan Suxin, who traveled due to her husband’s official post, and Wang Zhenyi, whose journeys were family‑oriented, highlighting their passive mobility and nuanced observations of society and economy. It then turns to Shan Shili, who accompanied her diplomat husband abroad, and Chen Hengzhe, a Boxer Indemnity scholar, exploring their proactive transnational experiences and engagement with women’s education and equality.
Findings reveal that all four women benefited from enlightened familial support, which fostered their intellectual development. Their trajectories nevertheless diverged across time: from mobility tied to spousal or family movement to deliberate, self‑driven overseas study. This shift reflects not only geographical relocation but also a transformation in gender roles and epistemic authority, illustrating the evolving agency of educated women from the Qing dynasty into the early Republic.