東勢客家話單字調聲學分析：三種標準化公式的比較

A Comparison of Three Tonal Normalization Formulas for Analyzing Lexical Tones in Dongshi Hakka

本研究利用聲學分析16名說東勢客家話發音人6個單字調，再透過三種基頻標準化公式將這些經聲學分析的單字調基頻數值轉化為聲調五度制，最後比較傳統調查與聲學分析在調值描寫上的差異。分析結果顯示，不論基於何種標準化公式，傳統調查與聲學分析在調值描寫上存有很大差異。有鑑於此，本研究從調值描寫的人為主觀性及五度標調法定義模糊性的角度解釋這種差異。另外，本研究提出一套整合傳統調查與聲學分析的標準作業流程以規範聲調描寫的人為主觀性。在此流程約制下所形成的東勢客家話單字調調值描寫，既能維持聲調調位的區別，且能使調值描寫更趨近於聲學分析的現實。

This study acoustically analyzed the six citation tones in Dongshi Hakka, and transformed the values of fundamental frequency of the six tones in Dongshi Hakka into the five-point scale by three transformation formulas. The descriptions of tonal values between traditional investigation and acoustic analysis were compared. Results showed that great difference in the description of tonal values of some citation tones existed in these two models, no matter which transformation formula was taken into account. For this reason, this study explicated such descriptive difference in terms of the subjective description of tone values and the obscure definition of the five-point scale. In addition, this study combined traditional investigation with acoustic analysis, and provided a standard procedure in defining tonal values which restricted the subjectivity in transcribing tonal values. Through the operation of the proposed procedure, tonal values of the tones in Dongshi Hakka not only remain distinguished from one another, but also turn out to be more similar to the reality of acoustic analysis.