北大漢簡《蒼頡篇》簡10「丹勝誤亂」小考

The words study of丹勝誤亂in slip no.10 from Cang Jie pian of Han Bamboo Slips in Beijing University

北大漢簡《蒼頡篇》簡10或見「丹勝誤亂」一語，其「丹」字之形為□。此字在英藏簡、水泉子簡與木牘本異文中亦作「丹」，但阜陽本卻作「政」，「丹」、「政」二字之關係為何，令人費解，而此中所牽涉到避諱、通假或釋讀等問題，同樣極為關鍵。因此，溯考「丹」字形源、討論「丹」字所涉避諱問題、分析「丹」字各本異文關係、確立「丹勝誤亂」正詁、探尋北大簡《蒼頡篇》內容來源等，乃本文幾項主要研究目的。有鑑於此，本文以此「丹」字之形源與訛混問題為探討核心，認為其當訛自「井」，「井」、「丹」疑同為秦本之原字，並透過對此句他字字形之進一步分析，肯定「丹勝誤亂」句確實源自秦本，甚至更近於秦原本，不過，據北大簡所見「端」諱，以及學者所論秦始皇用諱情形，知《蒼頡篇》以「丹」諱「政」之可能性是相當低的，而北大本底本時代，則大抵在秦統一之初之秦始皇二十六年或二十七年間，據此，本文進一步認為此句秦本應本為「井勝誤亂」或「丹勝誤亂」，讀作「爭勝誤亂」，訓為「相互爭勝所造成之錯亂」，阜陽本因古方音或古音關係，將「井」或「丹」改為「政」。

In slip no.10 from Cang Jie pian of Han Bamboo Slips in Beijing University, the sentence Dan Sheng Wu Luan丹勝誤亂has confusion of character interpretations on“丹”. The character“丹”was interpreted as dan in Ying cang jian英藏簡, Shuiquanzi jian水泉子簡and Mudu copy木牘本, whereas the Fuyang copy阜陽本originally wrote“丹”as“政”zheng. Therefore, this article intends to explore its related doubts in regard to text interpretation and language use cases, with focus placed on the following topics: (1) The origin and confusion of the form of the character ''丹'', as well as the related interpretation doubts about another character in this sentence - the form of the character dan in the Peking University Han Bamboo Slips is based on its origin of the form, and the inheritance of its examples will be traced. The source of the glyphs in the earlier slips is analyzed, and the possibility of confusion of characters is studied. At the same time, the character ''亂'' luan in this sentence and the origin of the special glyphs found in the other two characters are discussed; (2) The possibility of ''丹'' being used as a taboo for ''政'', and the avoidance of Qin Shihuang's taboo character - according to scholars, the character ''丹'' interpreted as zheng in the Fuyang copy, indicates that there seems to be doubts about the use of the taboo. Thus we further analyze the use cases of the Qin taboo to try to clarify the relationship between the different texts found here and evaluate the possibility of using ''丹'' dan to tabulate ''政''zheng; (3) Interpretation issues of the sentence Dan Sheng Wu Luan丹勝誤亂- based on the result of the interpretation of the character ''丹'' dan, and in conjunction with the meaning of the simplified text and the style of Cang Jie pian, we will revisit the interpretation of Dan Sheng Wu Luan丹勝誤亂and its relation with Zheng Sheng Wu Luan政勝誤亂.