清末字課圖說國際視野及西學啟蒙之比較析論

Comparative Analysis of International New Knowledge in the Explanation of Characters in the ''zi ke tu shuo'' in the Late Qing Dynasty

本文藉由比較清末《澄衷蒙學堂字課圖說》（省稱《澄衷蒙字課》）與《環地福分類字課圖說》（省稱《環地福字課》），以呈現字課圖說國際視野及西學啟蒙之異同。如二書對於地名及重要地理皆有所說明，若此地為外國所佔，《環地福字課》皆特意說明，此隱含著愛國主義之啟蒙精神。雖然當時國內遭受列強侵擾，二書對於列強仍是客觀描述其特長，不因怨恨而漠視諸國優越之處，對於西學持正面之態度。在字例解說中使用「新詞」說明國際新知，反應出當時啟蒙教育國民現代化之目的。字課圖說的啟蒙對象基本為小學孩童，從識字啟蒙論，內容不深，所涉範圍較廣，並在有限的篇幅中寫入所認為最主要之資訊。在清末社會的大變動中，字課圖說教科書便應時而生，以簡要且有條理的內容，灌輸西學及當時所需日常知識，以幫助學童面向當時變動快速且急於轉型的社會環境。

This article analyzes the international vision and enlightenment of Western learning in the Huan De Fu Zi Ke in the late Qing Dynasty, and makes a comparison with the Cheng Zhong Meng Zi Ke of the same nature, hoping to observe the orientation of the content of the two books and the ideological characteristics expressed. We can also see the display of Western concepts and the international vision reflected in it. For example, when Huan De Fu Zi Ke and Cheng Zhong Meng Zi Ke discuss Asian countries, they mostly talk about their countries being occupied by the West, while the narrative method of Huan De Fu Zi Ke often describes the country's actions from the king's actions. The situation shows the appearance of monarchy's rule. Huan De Fu Zi Ke explains place names and important geography, and lists the occupation of land by foreign countries as an important theme of the book. It aims to enlighten schoolchildren not to forget the national humiliation, and also implies the hope of rejuvenating the country in the future. look forward to. Although China was invaded by foreign powers at that time, Huan Di Fu Zi Ke still objectively described the strengths of the foreign powers, did not ignore the superiority of each country out of resentment, and held a positive attitude towards Western learning.