李悝爭議叢考──仕宦經歷與《法經》存偽考論

A Study on the Controversy over Li Kui:His Official Career and the Authenticity of the Fa Jing

本文嘗試探尋先秦魏國官僚李悝的生平經歷，從《漢書．藝文志》出發，考察法家「李子三十二篇」、儒家「李克七篇」與兵書略「李（季）子十篇」，嘗試從今存先秦兩漢文獻中輯錄餘文，並加以考證李悝生平經歷，過去有一說認為李悝即李克，本文認為李悝、李克是不同人，只是時代相同，班固視作兩人當無誤。李悝曾在魏國邊郡任上地守，後來到中央主持經濟政策，即「盡地力之教」，本文也探討李悝為「上地守」的若干問題，魏「上地」所在眾說紛紜，筆者認為即「西河郡」，故李悝曾為「上地守」即「西河郡郡守」；李克則如楊寬所說乃魏文侯時期所屬中山之相，只是兩人因時代相同且傳世史料的侷限，導致曾被誤認為同人。另外，唐代時出現李悝著《法經》之說，在先秦兩漢文獻並未有此記載，本文也將探討《法經》的存偽。

This study explores the life and career of Li Kui, an official of the Wei state in the pre-Qin period. Beginning with the Bibliographical Treatise of the Book of Han, it examines the“Thirty-Two Chapters of Master Li”classified under Legalist works, the“Seven Chapters of Li Ke”under Confucian writings, and the“Ten Chapters of Master Li (Ji)”listed among military texts. By collecting and analyzing surviving fragments from pre-Qin and Han sources, the paper reconstructs Li Kui’s biography.
While some scholars have argued that Li Kui and Li Ke were the same person, this study contends that they were distinct individuals who lived in the same era, as Ban Gu correctly treated them as two separate figures. Li Kui once served as the governor of Shangdi Commandery in Wei and later oversaw the state’s economic policy known as“the teaching of maximizing land productivity.”The paper further investigates issues regarding Li Kui’s post as“Governor of Shangdi,”identifying Shangdi as equivalent to Xihe Commandery. In contrast, Li Ke, as argued by Yang Kuan, served as Chancellor of Zhongshan during the reign of Marquis Wen of Wei. The confusion between them likely arose due to their contemporaneity and the limited transmission of historical sources.
Additionally, the claim that Li Kui authored the Canon of Laws (Fa Jing) emerged only in the Tang period, with no record in pre-Qin or Han literature. This paper also examines the authenticity of the Fa Jing.