風格的問題化：傅柯對哲學論述的處置與轉化

The Problematization of Style: Disposition and Transformation of Philosophical Discourse in Michel Foucault

本文藉著傅柯對於「哲學論述」的分析，切入哲學中「風格」是否存在的問題。首先本文指出，傅柯表面上存在一種與風格論的距離，甚至可認為傅柯以消極的意義使用「風格」一詞。其次，藉著檢視學者研究「傅柯的風格」，來指出傅柯論述的特徵在於，揭示一種以相異性、域外、否定為主的思考。本文進而處理考古學時期的傅柯有關哲學論述、檔案的思考，特別注意到傅柯藉著尼采點出哲學本身的內在斷裂。在其方法論上，檔案－論述的成立帶來斷裂、外部性，風格本身不再是表達的結果，而必須轉化為問題化作用的歷程。本文結論認為，哲學中的「風格」必須面對當代性診斷的要求，這種條件使得風格本身有一種逆向作用，以反身性的開放來重新釋放論述的力量；哲學論述所蘊涵的風格可能性也在這種重新開始的提問中得以啟動。

This paper investigates the problem of style in philosophy by way of Michel Foucault’s reflection on philosophical discourse. At a first glance, Foucault keeps a distance with stylistics and even utilizes the term style in a negative sense. In past scholarship on Foucault’s writing style, scholars often emphasize key ideas such as heterogeneity, outside, and negation. With this contrast in mind, I consider Foucault’s discussions on philosophical discourse and archive in his archeological period, in order to discuss his foregrounding of inner ruptures in philosophy through Nietzsche. Foucault deepens his methodology in asserting the exteriority and caesura through the function of archive-discourse. Style itself is not a result of expression but a process of problematizing. My conclusion proposes a new idea of style through Foucault’s reflection on philosophical discourse. The“style”in philosophy must meet the request of what he terms as contemporary diagnostics. Such conditioning endows style with a force of negation. It demands an opening in reflectivity to release the discursive power. The possibility of style inherent in philosophical discourse might be activated through a problematization that can reset and initiate a new interrogation.