休說我南工界進，最傷心是越人圖──越南阮朝啟定皇帝在現代文明與殖民處境下的「御駕如西」之旅

Stop Claiming Vietnam's Progress; it's Heartbreaking to See：The Western Tour of Emperor KhảiĐịnh of the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam under the Context of Modern Civilization and Colonial Rule

越南阮朝啟定皇帝（KhảiĐịnh，1885-1925）曾於1922年受邀前往法國參加馬賽殖民博覽會（展期為1922.4.15-11.15），並遊歷法國巴黎等地，這是越南歷史上第一次皇帝出訪歐美，意義特殊。啟定曾在凱旋門、尚隆賽馬場、巴黎歌劇院、法國地理學會、羅浮宮、凡爾賽宮、拉法葉百貨公司留下足跡，並參觀各式工廠。啟定不斷在歷史性的、現代性的、政治性的、娛樂性的，以及科技性的巴黎城中往來穿梭，在時間與空間的移形換位、重疊交錯中感受各項刺激。然而，此行並非僅有遊歷目的，法越雙方其實各有盤算。我們可以透過相關資料，觀察啟定等人在西方知識權力架構、文明象徵與殖民處境下，不同層次的體驗與態度，以及有別於官方宣傳的啟定形象，進一步思考當越南在被納入現化代世界圖景時，他們的自我認同與家國想像。

Emperor KhảiĐịnh (1885-1925) of the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam was invited to France in 1922 to attend the Marseille Colonial Exposition (held from April 15 to November 15, 1922) and toured Paris and other parts of France. This marked the first time a Vietnamese emperor had undertaken an Imperial Journey to the West(NgựGiáNhưTây), making it a significant event. KhảiĐịnh visited iconic landmarks such as the Arc de Triomphe, the Longchamp Racecourse, the Paris Opera, the French Geographical Society, the Louvre, the Palace of Versailles, and Galeries Lafayette. He also visited various factories. KhảiĐịnh constantly moved through the historical, modern, political, recreational, and technological landscapes of Paris, experiencing various stimuli amidst the shifting and overlapping of time and space. However, this trip was not solely for leisure; both France and Vietnam had their own agendas. By examining relevant materials, we can observe the diverse experiences and attitudes of KhảiĐịnh and his entourage within the Western framework of knowledge and power, amidst symbols of civilization and the colonial context, and an image of KhảiĐịnh that differs from official propaganda. This allows us to further consider Vietnam's self-identity and national imagination as it was being incorporated into the modern world order.