族裔「飛地」或校園「異托邦」？大學原住民專班的限制與啟發

Ethnic‘Enclave’or Campus‘Heterotopia’? Limitations and Inspirations of University Programs for Indigenous Peoples

在政策鼓勵以及少子化的招生壓力下，台灣自2012年起出現了設立大學原住民學士專班的熱潮。廣設原專班的確讓原住民大學生的人數有相當幅度提升，但因缺乏和一般科系一樣的法源定位，以致於原專班在大學的組織章程裡無法得到制度性的保障，師資和教學資源上相對匱乏，卻又被賦予需同時肩負「一般教育」與「民族教育」的期待，加上廣設之後引發的激烈招生競爭，更使其雪上加霜。儘管原專班在大學校園裡是一個難以被歸類和理解的特殊存在，並有成為被負面標籤化的「族裔飛地」之危機，但也讓原民相關之議題與課程在台灣高等教育體制裡有了可暫時立足，進而奮力開展的一個場域。筆者以自身經驗為例，抽絲剝繭說明大學原專班的限制與啟發，期盼透過努力讓它在一回又一回自我探索以及與制度衝撞的過程中孵育出獨特、強悍的生命力，進而成為校園裡擁有不同視界與令人驚艷內涵的「異托邦」。

Due to policy encouragement and under the pressure of a declining birthrate, the heat of programs for indigenous peoples began to escalate across universities in Taiwan in 2012. The wide establishment of programs for indigenous peoples has indeed increased the number of indigenous college students by a considerable margin. However, the policy introduced without careful consideration made the programs for indigenous peoples not have stable institutional support like the general departments in universities. The lack of sufficient teachers with indigenous-related majors is the most critical fatal injury. The fierce competition for admissions and various unfavorable factors make each program for indigenous peoples always wobbly like walking a tightrope. Although the programs for indigenous peoples exist in an unspecified condition as an exception with the risk of an‘ethnic enclave’, a special space is provided for issues and curricula related to indigenous people to stand and develop in higher education since the policy was implemented. Using her own experience as an example to explain the limitations and inspirations of university programs for indigenous peoples, the author hopes that it will develop a unique and powerful vitality in the process of self-exploration and collision with the system, and then become a‘heterotopia’on campus with different visions and amazing connotations.