以混居促進社會包容？以臺北市平價住宅轉型為社會住宅為例

To Promote Social Inclusion through Social Mix? The Case of Transformation from Low-Income Housing to Social Housing in Taipei City

臺北市低收入戶平價住宅（以下簡稱平宅）近年陸續轉型為混居社會住宅（以下簡稱混居社宅），作為擺脫貧窮集中化相關問題的解套。平宅轉型與搬遷歷程尚在進行中，惟推動迄今，在呈現混居美好圖像的同時，對於混居的概念意涵、發展脈絡及相關課題仍較少深入探究。本文以臺北市平宅轉型為混居社宅經驗為例，從社會包容視角探討臺北市混居社宅的發展脈絡與政策意涵，並檢視臺北市混居社宅對於促進社會包容的成效，為此一重要轉型經驗留下記錄。本研究發現，臺北市混居社宅面臨有限資源下的資源競爭、弱勢者居住排除風險等包容性難題，而污名可能朝向隱形化、住民網絡關係較為薄弱，至於對抗貧窮議題則應受到更多重視。本文綜合提出三項建議：強化混居制度設計之彈性與配套、重視社區發展以建構新社會關係、以社會服務及就業網絡對抗貧窮，期能作為未來政策及實務推動之參考。

Low-income housing in Taipei City has been gradually transformed into mixed-income social housing in recent years, which serves as an important solution to problems related to the concentration of poverty. However, while the transformation and relocation has so far presented a good image of social mix, there is still little discussion about the concept, development and important issues of social mix. The study takes the case of transformation from Taipei City’s Low-Income Housing to Social Housing and adopts social inclusion perspective, to explore the context and effect of improving social inclusion in Taipei City’s mixed social housing. The study finds that mixed social housing system faces challenges of inclusiveness related to competition under limited resources and the risk of housing exclusion for vulnerable people; stigma tends to become invisible; residents’social networks are relatively weak. Besides, more attention should be paid to the issue about the fight against poverty. Finally, the study proposes three suggestions for future policy and implementation: to strengthen the flexibility and schemes of social mix, to focus on community development to build new social relationships, and to fight for poverty through social services and employment networks.