黃土水作品〈山本悌二郎〉石膏胸像翻製銅像技法探究

Research on the Technique of Reproducing Bronze Statues from Plaster Busts of Tu-Shui Huang's Artwork Tijitro Yamamoto

黃土水（1895- 1930）是臺灣第一位至日本東京美術學校研習西洋雕塑的近代雕塑家，也是第一位入選日本官方展覽會帝展的臺灣人，拉開臺灣新美術運動序幕激勵臺灣美術發展，影響後世深遠。1930年因腹膜炎英年早逝，1931年於總督府舊廳舍（中山堂）舉行之黃土水遺作展目錄中當時展出作品約八十件，但現留存作品資料約四十餘件，尚有一大半未知下落作品珍貴稀少，在臺灣藝術史學者鈴木惠可（現為中央研究院歷史語言研究所博士後研究員）考察研究中，留存於日本的黃土水人物雕像作品有1928年〈山本悌二郎〉石膏胸像（存於佐渡市公所真野區行政中心內）、1927年〈山本悌二郎〉銅像（設置於日本佐渡市真野公園內）、1929年〈高木友枝〉銅像（後代家屬收藏）以及1930年〈安部幸兵衛〉石膏胸像（神奈川商工高校收藏）。其中〈高木友枝〉銅像、〈安部幸兵衛〉複製胸像（F.R.P材質）、〈山本悌二郎〉複製胸像（F.R.P材質）於107年捐贈彰化高中，為少數已知典藏在臺灣的黃土水作品。為重建臺灣藝術史尋回更多散落海外的臺灣美術遺珍，文化部與民間力量結合下，日本佐渡市政府於109年同意將〈山本悌二郎〉石膏胸像雕塑出借給文化部由國立臺灣美術館（以下簡稱國美館）進行修復、翻製原作保存典藏及規劃相關展覽等，同年年底運抵臺灣。國美館開始執行〈山本悌二郎〉石膏胸像修復、翻製原作保存典藏計畫，在110年7月至111年4月委託國立臺灣師範大學文物保存維護研究發展中心森純一客座專家主持石膏胸像修復及翻模計畫，完成作品劣化狀況調查、檢視登錄及修復石膏胸像，與修復完成後進行石膏胸像原作開模（矽膠模具）及用傳統技法複製一件石膏胸像的工作計畫。本館於111年6月至8月將製作完成的矽膠模具委託雕塑藝術家許維忠監製，以脫蠟鑄造法製成金屬銅像，完成金屬銅像典藏保存計畫。本文由黃土水作品〈山本悌二郎〉石膏胸像製作技術調查與修復、探討黃土水雕塑的石膏原型技法運用、臺日翻模技術差異性、文物保存維護觀點及其博物館意義。

Tu-Shu Huang (born in 1895 and died in 1930) was the first modern sculptor in Taiwan to study Western sculpture at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts in Japan. He was also the first Taiwanese to be selected for the Imperial Exhibition, an official exhibition in Japan. He initiated Taiwan New Art to inspire young artists, which has a great impact on the development of Taiwan Art. Unfortunately, he was dead due to peritonitis. In 1931, there was Tu-Shu Huang’s exhibition showed his 80 artworks in Old Office of the Governor-General (Zhongshan Hall). However, there are about 40 artworks preserved now, and most of the precious and rare artworks are nowhere to be found. Historian Megumi Suzuki (now a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of History and Linguistics, Academia Sinica) has investigated and researched the sculptures made by Tu-Shu Huang and preserved in Japan. These sculptures include the plaster bust of Tijiro Yamamoto (made in 1928) stored in the administration of Mano Ward, Sado City Office, and the bronze statue of Tijiro Yamamoto (made in 1927) installed in Mano Park (Sado City), the bronze statue of Takagi Yue (made in 1929) collected by descendants’families and the plaster bust of Abe Kobei (made in 1930) gathered by Kanagawa University of Commerce and Industry. Among them, the bronze statue of Takagi Tomoe, the reproduction bust of Abe Kobei (F.R.P material), and the reproduction bust of Tijiro Yamamoto (F.R.P material) was donated to Changhua High School in the year of 2018, which are the few artworks known to be collected in Taiwan. In order to reconstruct Taiwan’s art history and retrieve more Taiwanese art scattered overseas, the Ministry of Culture and nongovernment organizations work together to Reproduce Bronze Statues from Plaster Busts. The Sado City Government of Japan agreed to lend the Tijiro Yamamoto plaster bust sculpture to the Ministry of Culture in 2020. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts (NTMoFA) is responsible for restoration, reproduction of original works, preservation of collections, and planning of related exhibitions. At the end of 2020, the Gome Museum began to implement the restoration and preservation project of the Tijiro Yamamoto plaster bust. From July 2021 to April 2022, the visiting expert Mori Junichi, at the Cultural Relics Preservation and Maintenance Research and Development Center in National Taiwan Normal University, executed the remodeling project containing the restoration of the plaster bust, investigation of the deterioration of the work, check the registration and repair the plaster bust. After the restoration is completed, he and his team opened the original plaster bust (silicon mold) and took the traditional technique to reproduce a plaster bust. From June to August 2022, Wei-Jong Sheu have been entrusted with the museum (NTMoFA) work as art Director employed silicone molds to make metal bronze statues by the lost-wax casting method and completed the collection and preservation plan of metal bronze statues. This article is based on investigating and restoring the plaster bust production technology of Tu-Shu Huang’s sculpture Tijiro Yamamoto. Collectively, it covers the application of the plaster prototype technique, the difference between Taiwan and Japan's moldturning technology, as well as the viewpoint of cultural preservation and maintenance of artworks, demonstrating the significance of the museum’s mission.