想像的共同體――匈牙利鄰國的匈牙利裔與奧班民粹

Imagined Community: Hungarians outside Hungary and Orban Populism

奧匈帝國在一次世界大戰結束後解體，1920年簽訂的『特里亞農條約』造成匈牙利失去約三分之二的領土，大約300萬的人民。這些匈牙利境外的匈牙利人被劃歸到戰後的新興國家，包括羅馬尼亞、捷克斯洛伐克、塞爾維亞、克羅埃西亞、烏克蘭、及奧地利等。『特里亞農條約』造成匈牙利的歷史傷痕，而這道歷史記憶的建構也形成了匈牙利民族主義的想像共同體。奧班及其青民盟政黨通過新公民法，賦予匈牙利鄰國的匈牙利族裔人口公民身份，他們可以參與匈牙利的議會選舉及歐洲議會選舉。本文的研究目的是想了解匈牙利民族主義重要的傷痕記憶，及記憶政治如何重構匈牙利民族想像共同體的根源，以及匈牙利奧班政權的政治本質。

After the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed, and the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920, which caused Hungary to lose about two-thirds of its territory and about 3 million people. These Hungarians outside Hungary were assigned to the post-war emerging states, including Romania, Czechoslovakia, Serbia, Croatia, Ukraine, and Austria. The Treaty of Trianon caused the historical scars of Hungary, and the construction of this historical memory also formed an imaginary community of Hungarian nationalism. Viktor Orban and Fidesz party passed a new citizenship law that gives citizenship to ethnic Hungarians in Hungary’s neighbouring countries, allowing them to participate in Hungarian parliamentary elections and European Parliament elections. The purpose of this article is to understand the important scar memory of Hungarian nationalism, and how the politics of memory reconstructs the roots of the Hungarian national imaginary community, as well as the political nature of the Orbán regime.