論被害人參與少年事件程序

Victim participation in Juvenile Justice Act

在少年保護事件程序、少年刑事案件程序中，關於被害人程序參與權之具體範圍應如何建構，實有賴兩者程序之正當法律程序的內涵。少年保護事件程序及少年刑事案件程序之正當法律程序須取決於兩者程序之定位而有相異的內容。被害人程序參與權作為下位概念的具體程序運作之內容建置，亦受到正當法律程序以及程序定位所影響。因此，少年保護事件程序、少年刑事案件程序兩者的程序定位為何，即有討論之必要。雖民國112年的少事法修正，已將被害人的心情及意見陳述、受陪同權為明確規定，但其餘關於被害人名譽隱私保護則仍未於法律位階的少事法中明定。此外，立法上明確否定少年刑事案件程序關於被害人訴訟參與制度的準用餘地，亦有疑義。本文將嘗試釐清少年保護事件程序、少年刑事案件程序與一般刑事訴訟程序間之關係，並進一步推衍被害人程序參與權在少年保護事件程序、少年刑事案件程序的具體範圍並檢討民國112年之少事法修正規定，最後提出建議以供將來立法政策之參考。

The specific scope of victim participation rights in juvenile protection proceedings and juvenile criminal proceedings relies on the due process of both procedures. The the due process of juvenile protection and juvenile criminal cases depend on the position of these two procedures, resulting in differing content. The construction of victim participation rights as a concrete procedural operation also must be influenced by the due process and the ultimate goals of the procedures. Therefore, there is a necessity to discuss the procedural positioning of both juvenile protection events and juvenile criminal cases. The amendment to the Juvenile Justice Act in 2023 has clearly defined the victim’s rights to express emotions and opinions and the right to be accompanied, but other aspects such as protection of the victim’s reputation and privacy remain undefined. Moreover, there are ambiguities regarding the application of the victim’s litigation participation system in both juvenile protection events and juvenile criminal cases. This paper will attempt to clarify the relationship between juvenile protection, juvenile criminal proceedings, and general criminal procedures. It will further derive the specific scope of victim participation rights in juvenile protection and juvenile criminal proceedings and review the 2023 amendment regulations. Finally, recommendations will be proposed for future legislative policy reference.