少年量刑指引之建構－－以日本法之比較為中心

Construction of Sentencing Guidelines for Juveniles-- With Special Reference to the Japanese Law

本文旨在建立一個合於少年事件處理法立法精神的少年量刑指引，以提供給少年法院法官作為量刑決定時的參考依據。而根據本文的考察結果，少年刑事案件與保護事件並無本質差異，而僅係形式上的不同程序。在這樣的理解下，少年量刑自然也必須獨立於既有刑事司法的框架，而回歸到以少年健全自我成長為核心的脈絡當中。而在以少年健全自我成長為核心的量刑目的之下，本文指出在少年量刑中，少年健全自我成長與責任概念間的背反關係，並以之作為重構少年量刑框架的論理基礎。其中，除了以「假釋審酌機會」作為量刑上限以外，對於少年量刑的核心要素，則回歸到少年自身的生心理狀況及其所屬環境進行判斷，而若要將其套用到刑法第57條之中，則少年量刑應是以刑法第57條第4、5、6款為其依據。

This article aims to establish a sentencing guideline for juveniles that aligns with the legislative spirit of the Juvenile Justice Act, providing a reference for judges when making sentencing decisions. Based on the findings of this study, the legislative spirit of aligning with the Juvenile Justice Act refers to the integrated chain of relationships between juvenile criminal cases and juvenile protection cases, implying that there is no fundamental difference between juvenile criminal cases and juvenile protection cases, only procedural differences. Under this understanding, juvenile sentencing must be independent of the existing framework of criminal justice and return to the context centered around the sound self-development of the juveniles. Within the framework of sentencing purposes centered around the sound self-development of the juveniles, this article points out the inherent contradiction between the sound self-development of the juveniles and the concept of responsibility in juvenile sentencing, using it as a logical basis for reconstructing the juvenile sentencing framework. In addition to setting the upper limit of sentencing as“parole opportunity,”the core elements of juvenile sentencing are returned to the juvenile’s own physical and psychological conditions and their environment for assessment. If it is to be specifically applied to Article 57 of the Criminal Code, juvenile sentencing should be based on the discussion of subparagraphs 4, 5, and 6 of Article 57.