胡渭《禹貢錐指》對「三江」的考辨及其經世精神

The Yugong Zhuizhi was wrote by Hu Wai studied three Rivers and recommended that the government reduce taxes

〈禹貢〉揚州「三江既入，震澤底定」。「三江」的說法甚多，歷來約有二十種說法。胡渭《禹貢錐指》雖然表明其治〈禹貢〉依循《漢書．地理志》古說，但討論三江時，則棄《漢書．地理志》而取蘇軾之說。
《漢書．地理志》主張的三江分別是：會稽毗陵縣的北江，東入海；丹陽蕪湖縣的中江，由吳松江入海；會稽吳縣的南江，與浙江會流後入海。蘇軾主張的三江分別是：漢水會入長江，是為北江；岷江為長江源頭，是為中江；豫彰江入彭蠡，是為南江。兩者差別在於：《漢書．地理志》視揚州東南隅的江水為三江所在地，東流入海；蘇軾則據彭蠡以西為三江之所，皆會入彭蠡。面對上述差別，胡渭對三江的說法，有兩種面向。（1）胡渭批評歷來三江說皆不合〈禹貢〉經旨，更指《漢書．地理志》是混淆三江的始作俑者。認為蘇軾三江說以岷江為主，契合〈禹貢〉。（2）胡渭固然不取《漢書．地理志》三江說，卻藉此討論吳松江淤塞、震澤圍田等施政上的弊端，進而提出高淳縣（位於震澤上游）應該減稅的想法。
胡渭《禹貢錐指》三江說，一方面注經，表達以岷江為正源的觀點；一方面又針對現實狀況而提出時政見解。可知《禹貢錐指》非單純地理學著作，其中寓有胡渭的經世精神。

The Yugong（禹貢）said“three Rivers in a lake, Zhenze will be no floods.”What is“three Rivers”,there were twenty arguments in history. The Yugong Zhuizhi（禹貢錐指）was wrote by Hu Wai. The book supported Book of Han（漢書）about studying The Yugong（禹貢）.Book of Han（漢書）said“three Rrivers is North River that is from Piling, Middle River is from Wuhu, South River is from Wuxian. But Sh Shi said“three Rivers is North River that is Han that will be in Yengtze. Middle River is from Minjiang, South River is Yuzhang River. Hu Wai supported perspective of Su Shi. Even though Hu Wei criticized the perspective of Han of Book（漢書）, he still managed to look for three Rivers in Southeast region in traditional China. And he recommended that the government reduce taxes.