宗派禪師事蹟的容受——清代全真龍門岔派天仙派之呂祖懺法研究

Acceptance of Deeds of Sect Founder：The analysis of the Lu Zu’s Confession rituals by the Tianxian Sect of Quanzhen Taoism Longmencha sect in the Qing Dynasty

清嘉慶年間（1796-1820）北京地區由官員、文人形成的奉道結社——覺源壇天仙派，奉呂祖為祖師，且有意識地接續全真道統，不僅刊刻《呂祖全書正宗》、《道藏輯要》，也在《懺法大觀》中，收錄三種與呂祖直接相關的懺法。本文透過文獻研究法，對這三種懺法進行分析。透過本文可知，天仙派的三種呂祖懺法，在內容結構方面，除了承襲康熙7年(1668)杭州著造的《玉清純陽慈航無極寶懺》與前行文獻的〈呂祖誥〉，也對其事蹟、行文加以調整。在韻文運用方面，懺法校訂者蔣予蒲(1755-1819)作為進士出身的詞臣，大多步趨唐人用韻規則，但也會有鄰韻或多韻通押的情況發生。此外，《玉都師相呂聖真君無極度人寶懺》部分敘述呂祖的事蹟，則受到明清神魔小說、宋代禪宗燈錄與清初乩壇的相互影響，導致小說之教與引用失據的狀況，而天仙派的呂祖懺法內容，從清季開始迄今，也對全真道產生一定程度的影響。

During the Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1820), the Jueyuantan (覺源壇) Tianxian Sect (天仙派) was formed in Beijing by officials and Confucians who believed in Taoism. They regarded Lu Zu (呂祖) as their leader and consciously continued the inheritance of Quanzhen Taoism (全真道). The Tianxian Sect includes three confession rituals related to Lu Zu in ''Collection of Repentance Methods'' (《懺法大觀》). This article uses the literature research method to analyze these three confession rituals. Through this article, we can know that the three Lu Zu’s confession rituals of the Tianxian Sect: in terms of content structure, on the one hand, it accepts the Lu Zu’s confession ritual published in Hangzhou in the seventh year of Kangxi and the ''Lu Zu gao'' (呂祖誥) of the Ming and Qing dynasties. On the other hand, it also adjusts the narratives of these documents. In terms of the use of verses, the compiler of these confessions, Jiang Yupu (蔣予蒲,1755-1819), was an official with a Jinshi (進士) background, in most cases, the rhyme rules of Tang Dynasty poetry will be followed, but there may also be cases where adjacent rhymes or multiple rhymes rhyme together. In addition, when narrating the deeds of Lu Zu, some of the contents of the confession ritual were influenced by novels about gods and demons in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Zen books from the Song dynasty, late-published documents and Fuluan books (乩壇鸞書) from the early Qing dynasty, resulting in narrative distortion and the influence of novels.