肥料組合對小果番茄生育表現之影響

Effects of Fertilizer Treatments on the Growth Performance of Potted Cherry Tomato1

本研究以小果番茄為試驗植物，探討果菜類盆栽適合的肥料組合，作為研發進階型的食農教育果菜類栽培套裝組之參據。以正四方寬盆（盆內徑30 cm、盆內深17.5 cm，容量12.8 L）栽培半停心型番茄‘惠女’，肥料試驗所選用的追肥組合（N-P2O5-K2O比例）處理為A組[全期（20-20-20）]、B組[前期（20-20-20）、後期（10-30-20）]及C組[前期（30-10-10）、後期（10-30-20）]等三種，探討追肥組合對番茄的生育綜合表現之影響。試驗結果顯示，於營養生長方面，處理間的株高之差異並不顯著，節數之差異亦僅定植後第3週時的量測值達到顯著，但A組植株的莖徑於大部分生育期間皆處於最大狀態、B組植株次之、C組植株最小，說明A組植株有著最佳的營養生長勢。於生殖生長方面，處理間的花序發育情形之差異並不顯著，但A組及B組植株的花朵發育情形、結果情形及早熟性皆顯著佳於C組植株。於產量及果實品質方面，A組植株的果徑、果長及單果重皆顯著大於B組植株，而C組植株的該等項目量測值皆居中但與其餘兩者之差異皆不顯著；A組植株的單株果重顯著大於B組植株，B組植株的單株果重又顯著大於C組植株；處理間的果實糖度之差異並不顯著。比較處理間的生育綜合表現，A組植株兼具最優勢的營養生長勢與早熟性及最高的單株產量，A組為最佳的追肥組合。因此，本研究建議栽培者選用A組的追肥組合來進行種植。

This research uses cherry tomato as the test plant to explore the most suitable fertilizer combination for potted fruit vegetables and takes it as a reference for the development of advanced planting kits for agri-food education. In this trial, a wider square pot (inner diameter 30 cm, inner depth 17.5 cm, 12.8 L) is used to cultivate the semi-determinate tomato‘Hui-Nu’, and three fertilizer treatments are designed. Treatment A: Use (20-20-20) fertilizer (the weight percentage of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O in this fertilizer, respectively) throughout the entire growth period. Treatment B: Use (20-20-20) fertilizer during the early period, and (10-30-20) fertilizer during the later period. Treatment C: Use (30-10-10) fertilizer during the early period, and (10-30-20) fertilizer during the later period. The trial results are as follows. In terms of vegetative growth, the difference in plant height among treatments is not significant. The difference in nodes among treatments is generally not significant, except for the measured value in the 3rd week after planting. During most of the growth period, the stem diameter of the plants in Treatment A is the largest, followed by those in Treatment B, with the plants in Treatment C having the smallest stem diameter. In terms of reproductive growth, the difference in the development of the truss among treatments is not significant. The development of flowers, fruit set, and precocity in the plants of Treatments A and B is significantly better than those of Treatment C. In terms of yield and fruit quality, the fruit diameter, fruit length, and weight per fruit of the plants in Treatment A are significantly larger than those in Treatment B. However, these items in the plants of Treatment Care intermediate but not significantly different from those in Treatments A and B. The fruit weight per plant of the plants in Treatment A is significantly larger than that in Treatment B, and the fruit weight per plant in Treatment B is significantly larger than that in Treatment C. The difference in Brix per fruit among treatments is not significant. Comparing the overall growth performance among treatments, the plants in Treatment A exhibit the best vegetative growth potential, precocity, and yield per plant, making it the best fertilizer combination. Therefore, this study recommends that growers use the fertilizer combination of Treatment A for cultivation.