火蔥地方種親緣鑑定與氮肥施用量對產量之影響

Phylogenetic Analysis and Nitrogen Fertilization Effect of Yield of Allium macrostemon Bunge Landraces

火蔥（Allium macrostemon Bunge）為阿美族特色作物，花蓮縣壽豐鄉月眉村為主要產地，不同農戶的栽培品質差異甚大，缺乏詳細栽培研究。本研究自花蓮縣壽豐鄉月眉村及南投縣仁愛鄉霧社地區採集三種火蔥地方種，以葉綠體內核醣體蛋白質16（chloroplast ribosomal protein S16, rps16）及核醣體轉錄區間序列（rDNA internal transcribed spacer, ITS）為親緣鑑定依據，確認三地方種均屬於火蔥。本研究取重量1.5-1.9 g之三地方種鱗莖種植於本場試驗田，並於定植時施用每公頃80公斤有機氮肥，結果顯示以月眉種採收時鱗莖總重最重（每株平均有18.76 g），主球鮮重亦最高（5.51 g），且主球與子球最大、最圓。將不同重量地方種之鱗莖定植，結果顯示定植時鱗莖越重，採收時鱗莖總重越高。另取重量1.5-1.9 g之月眉種與晚生種鱗莖，於定植前施用不同用量有機氮肥，結果顯示月眉種以每公頃施120 kg有機氮肥之產量與品質最佳；晚生種則以每公頃施80 kg氮肥之處理最佳。

Being a specialty crop of the Amis tribe, Allium macrostemon Bunge is mainly produced in Yuemei Village, Shoufeng Township, and Hualien County. However the planting quality varies greatly among different farmers and detailed research on its cultivation is lacking. In this study, three landraces of A. macrostemon were collected from Yuemei Village in Shoufeng Township, Hualien County, and Wushe area in Ren'ai Township, Nantou County. The chloroplast ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) and the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were used for phylogenetic identification. It was confirmed that all three landraces belong to A. macrostemon. Bulbs weighing 1.5-1.9 g of the three landraces were planted in the experimental field of Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station and 80 kg per hectare of organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer were applied to the field at planting. The results showed that the Yuemei landrace had the highest total bulb weight at harvest (an average of 18.76 g per plant), the highest fresh weight of the main bulb (5.51 g), and the largest and roundest main and subsidiary bulbs. Bulbs of varying weight groups for each landrace were planted. The heavier the bulbs planted, the higher weight of the total bulbs harvested. In addition, bulbs weighing 1.5-1.9 g of both Yuemei landrace and the late-maturing landrace were planted and treated with different amount of organic N fertilizer before planting. For Yuemei landrace, the best yield was achieved with 120 kg of organic N fertilizer per hectare, while for the late-harvesting landrace, the best result was obtained with 80 kg of N fertilizer 51 per hectare.