盆器大小對果番茄生育表現之影響

Effects of Container Size on the Growth Performance of Potted Cherry Tomato1

本研究以小果番茄為試驗植物，探討果菜類盆栽適合的盆器類型，作為研發進階型的食農教育果菜類栽培套裝組之參據。選用正四方盆對照組（盆內徑14 cm、盆內深17.5 cm，容量2.6 L）、正四方寬盆（盆內徑30 cm、盆內深17.5 cm，容量12.8 L）及正四方深盆（盆內徑14 cm、盆內深27.5 cm，容量4.8 L）等三種盆器栽培非停心型番茄‘瑞珍’，探討「盆徑」與「盆深」對番茄生育綜合表現之影響。試驗結果顯示，於營養生長方面，處理間的節數之差異並不顯著，株高之差異亦僅定植後第25日時的量測值達到顯著，但正四方寬盆植株的莖徑於大部分生育期間皆處於最大狀態、正四方盆對照組植株次之、正四方深盆植株最小。於生殖生長方面，正四方寬盆植株的單株花序數顯著多於正四方深盆植株，而正四方盆對照組植株的單株花序數居中，但與其餘兩處理組間之差異皆不顯著；另處理間早熟性之差異並不顯著。於產量方面，正四方寬盆植株的單株果數顯著多於正四方盆對照組及正四方深盆植株；但處理間的單位種植面積果數之差異並不顯著；另正四方盆對照組植株的單位盆器容量果數顯著多於正四方深盆植株，而正四方深盆植株的單位盆器容量果數又顯著多於正四方寬盆植株。於果實品質方面，果徑、果長及單果重於處理間之差異皆不顯著。比較‘瑞珍’各處理間的生育綜合表現，正四方寬盆植株具備最優勢的營養生長勢及最高的預估產量，惟其耐病性不如正四方深盆植株。因此，本研究建議栽培者選用正四方寬盆盆器，來栽培容易生長且具有更好耐病性的番茄品種。

This research uses cherry tomato as the test plant to explore the most suitable pot for growing potted fruit vegetables and takes it as a reference for the development of advanced fruit vegetable planting kits for agri-food education. The trial used three types of pots: a control square pot (inner diameter 14 cm, inner depth 17.5 cm, 2.6 L), a wider square pot (inner diameter 30 cm, inner depth 17.5 cm, 12.8 L), and a deeper square pot (inner diameter 14 cm, inner depth 27.5 cm, 4.8 L), to cultivate the semi-determinate tomato cultivar‘Rui-Zhen’. The purpose of this trial is to explore the effects of“pot diameter”and“pot depth”on the comprehensive growth performance of tomato plants. The results of this trial are as follows. In terms of vegetative growth, the difference in nodes among treatments is not significant. The difference in plant height among treatments is always not significant, except for the measured value on the 25th day after planting. Throughout most of the growth period, the stem diameter of the plants in the wider pot was the largest, followed by those in the control pot, and the plants in the deeper pot had the smallest stem diameter. In terms of reproductive growth, the number of trusses per plant in the wider square pot was significantly greater than in the deeper square pot. However, the trusses of the control pot plants were in the middle, with no significant difference from either the wider square pot or the deeper square pot plants. The difference in precocity among treatments was not significant. In terms of yield, the number of fruits per plant in the wider square pot was significantly higher than in the control pot and deeper pot. The difference in the number of fruits per square meter of planting area among treatments was not significant. The number of fruits per liter of container volume in the control pot plants was significantly greater than in the deeper pot plants, and the deeper pot plants had significantly more fruits than the wider pot plants. In terms of fruit quality, the difference in fruit diameter, fruit length, and weight per fruit among treatments was not significant. Comparing the comprehensive growth performance among treatments, the plants in the wider square pot had the best vegetative growth potential and estimated yield, making it the best pot. However, the disease tolerance of the plants in the wider square pot was not better than that of the plants in the deeper pot. Therefore, this research recommends that cultivators select the wider square pot to cultivate the easy-to-grow and more disease-tolerant tomato cultivar.