魏校《大學指歸》的思想體系

Wei Xiao' s Ideological System in The Tenet of the Great Learning (Daxue Zhigui)

近年來關於魏校的研究日漸增加，但大多仍受限於黃宗羲《明儒學案》的框架，對其思想的理解未必精確。本文以魏校晚年的專著《大學指歸》為中心，剖析書中的義理思想，以期更全面認識魏校在明代理學圈中的定位。簡言之，《大學指歸》採用先知後行的模式，主張先悟入見性，之後再猛下苦工，最終達到不執持而動靜皆定的境地。全書展現出的最大特點，即對自然無為境界的渴望，以及由之衍生的對工夫有所未盡的無窮焦慮。雖然《大學指歸》選擇以古本《大學》為底本，但其實書中罕見陽明學元素，而是能看到不少刻意與朱子學對話的痕跡。

In recent years, research on Wei Xiao has increased significantly, however, much of this work remains constrained by the framework established in Huang Zongxi' s Case Studies of Ming Confucians (Mingru Xuean ), which may limit accurate interpretations of his ideas. This study focuses on analyzing the philosophical thoughts presented in Wei Jiao's later work, The Tenet of the Great Learning (Daxue Zhigui), with an aim for a more comprehensive understanding of his position within the Ming Dynasty's intellectual landscape. It argues that The Tenet of the Great Learning adopts a model where knowledge precedes action, advocating for an understanding of inherent nature before diligent effort, ultimately achieving a state characterized by non-attachment and a balance between movement and tranquility. The primary feature of the text is its aspiration towards a natural state of non-action, accompanied by a perpetual anxiety of unfulfilled diligence. Although The Tenet of the Great Learning is based on the ancient text the Great Learning (Daxue ), it incorporates few elements of Wang Yangming's philosophy while demonstrating intentional engagement with Zhu Xi's teachings.