儒家道德「應世轉用」之開展——以《論語》中主體踐德與社會互動關係需求為建構進路

Unfolding the ''Responding to the World'' in Confucian Morality - Insights from Subjectivity and Social Interaction in the Analects of Confucius

《論語》是保存孔子及其弟子之生活經驗、思想感情、人際往來及道德意識養成的動態社會關係文本，是儒家踐德意義的立體朗現。因此本文將立體掘發《論語》語錄中涵藏的各種社會交往、互動與儒家道德應世轉用之相涉關係，掲示《論語》中儒家道德符合社會人際需要之實用面向，與其實際具備應世價值之屬性，開展《論語》在道德講究之外的應世轉用價值。
另，《論語》語錄中由道德行為所衍生之「實踐」意義，有某個層面是由主體生命存在去對應實存生活情境所展開，且與主體在社會人際關係中的「歸屬」、「影響」以及「情戲」等社會性需求相互對揚，充分展現儒家踐德之道是一種動態應世「活法」，逐步建構儒家道德的「應世轉用」屬性。

Confucianism encompasses not only the cultivation of personal values through actions but also emphasizes responding to social needs. The interplay between Confucian morality - rooted in subjective action within existential life situations - and social needs of belonging, influence and emotional connection generates a practical dynamic. This dynamic manifests in the Confucian moral practice of ''responding to the world,'' presenting it as a vital, lived approach and demonstrating that Confucianism is more than just a theoretical construct. Drawing on the diverse social relationships depicted in the Analects of Confucius, this paper aims to illuminate both the practical dimension of ''responding to the world'' and the social interactions inherent in Confucian morality.