論楊時喬《易》學圖說的先天成卦之推衍

Yang Shiqiao's Deduction of Xian-Tian Diagrams in The Book of Changes, with Charts and Notes

楊時喬《周易今古文全書》，立〈易學啟蒙〉之部，制先後天圖說數十幀，內容多元宏富。肯定伏羲《易》成先天、文王《周易》成後天之義，二《易》之義，體現於《易傳》之中；二《易》相關思想理論，必以《易傳》為重要之依據。朱熹據邵雍先後天之說，略輯數圖收於《本義》與《啟蒙》中，作為學《易》首明之要徑；宗《易傳》與邵雍重要之說，闡發幽旨。楊氏詮解先天之學，本《易傳》、邵雍與朱熹一系主張，袤納廣搜，抉檢前人深義，繼承創新，期對先天之學，進行有系統之建構，試圖完善彼此相互關涉與聯繫應合之體系。本文針對楊氏先天之學有關圖式，從先天成卦來源、原理與性質，以及衍序與剛柔摩盪之理等主要面向，作系統性之耙梳，釐清考辨、勾勒與疏解先天成卦推衍之有關圖說的實質內涵，並予其於圖書《易》學發展之客觀定位。

In his book Studies of the Book of Changes throughout History (Zhouyi gujinwen quanshu), Yang Shiqiao devoted a section, 'A Beginner's Guide to the Book of Changes (Yixue qimeng)', to explaining dozens of xian-tian and hou-tian diagrams, rich in diverse content. Yang attributed the creation of xian-tian diagrams (the Primordial) to Fu Xi and hou-tian diagrams (the Manifested) to King Wen. He believed the meanings of both were revealed in the Commentaries to the Changes ( Yizhuan ), and that understanding of xian-hou-tian related theories required studying these Commentaries. Influenced by Shao Yong's xian-hou-tian theory, Zhu Xi compiled and elaborated on several Yi-diagrams in his Original Meaning of the Book of Changes (Zhouyi benyi) and A Beginner's Guide to the Book of Changes ( Yixue qimeng), presenting them as an entry point to the Book of Changes. Yang's interpretation of xian-tian drew upon both the Commentaries and the Shao-Zhu lineage, adopting their viewpoints while also introducing his own innovations to construct a more systematic and comprehensive framework. The study aims to systematically examine Yang's views on the formation of xian-tian diagrams, clarify the content of his explanatory charts and notes, and offer an objective evaluation of his contribution to their development.