張俊的宴會：筵席構成、權力展演，及其引發的歷史評議

Zhang Jun’s Banquet: Composition of the Banquet, the Display of Power, and Historical Comments

南宋紹興二十一年（1151），張俊向宋高宗進奉了一場御宴，並被記錄成一篇宴記收錄在周密（1232-1298）的《武林舊事》中。這篇題名為〈高宗幸張府節次略〉的文獻，其實並非稀見史料，以往也曾被研究者提及。然而，前此學界對於這篇文字的解析仍然存在商榷的空間，研究者若非只是將之當成菜餚考訂的文本，就是視其為宋代官方飲宴活動崇尚奢華的案例。本文認為，即使文獻本身，乍看之下只是些菜名、貢物與出席官員的名單，也或許這些內容正是以往史家認為無可多做言說的理由，但透過重審與分析，也未始不能賦予舊史料新生命。
吃一頓飯被記錄下來，這件事情本身就很值得注意。本文認為，這場宴會顯然是一種權力的展演。身處其間的每個人，都藉由宴會的系列活動，表述了他們的政治意圖。宴會之內，年邁的郡王向皇帝和權相表忠輸誠以冀延恩，皇帝和他的親族則向權相再次確認權力的分享，而權相則又向黨羽展現他那被皇帝允可的高張權力。至於，宴會之外的百姓，則是王朝政治宣傳的受體。在官方刻意展演的各色活動中，他們被傳遞的訊息應該是：國家級戰亂之後，那重新被建構的帝國威儀和中興氣象。

In the 21st year of the Shaoxing reign period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1151 CE), Zhang Jun presented an imperial banquet to the Gaozong Emperor, which was recorded by Zhou Mi (周密, 1232-1298 CE) in his book called Old Stories of Wulin (武林舊事). The title of the section is‘A Brief Account of Gaozong’s Visit to the Zhang Mansion’(高宗幸張府節次略).
In fact, this is not a recondite historical account, and it has been mentioned by researchers in the past. However, previous academic interpretations of this text have left room for further analysis and discussion. Researchers either regard it as a text for reviewing the list of dishes or as an example of how luxurious the formal banquets in the Song Dynasty were. The present article suggests that even if the text itself, at first glance, contains only some names of dishes, tributes and the list of officials attending the banquet, maybe that is why historians thought there was not much to say about it. However, through re-examination and analysis, it iss possible to bring new life to old historical materials.
The fact that a meal was recorded is noteworthy in itself. This article holds that the banquet was intended as a display of power. Everyone involved expressed their political views through a series of activities occurring there. During the banquet, the senior general, who was also the host of the banquet, expressed his loyalty to the emperor and the prime minister, hoping they would be able to maintain their favorable relationship with him. The emperor and his relatives reaffirmed the sharing of power with the prime minister, which the prime minister showed to his adherents with pride and arrogance.
As for the people outside the banquet, they were the objects of the dynasty’s political propaganda. In various performances presented by the officials, the message they were conveying was that, after a long and devastating war, sovereign authority had been restored.