《墨子．非儒下》詰辯及相關文獻問題考論──兼論其撰作年代

Authentication and Research on Related Texts Issues on the Chapter“Feiru Xia”of Mozi- With a Discussion on Its Written Date

《墨子．非儒下》一向被視為墨子門人與儒者互相詰難之辭。本文重新就篇中詰難內容、文獻形成及詞彙用語等方面作深入考察，發現〈非儒下〉作者並不了解儒學精義，亦未嘗研讀儒家相關文獻。是篇論述既無墨學之嚴謹，亦與墨學核心思想不合。作者論述時每立足於可徵信或流行文獻，再增益謾語或虛妄之辭，以假亂真。文中用辭或有意模仿舊有用辭，加以改易或截取，拼合而成新詞，以為己出。考其詞彙年代晚出，甚至近於漢世文辭。〈非儒下〉作者撰作是篇當在戰國末年，甚至更晚而近於漢世。

The chapter“Feiru Xia”of Mozi has traditionally been seen as a text documenting the debates between the followers of Mozi and Confucian scholars. This paper conducts an in-depth investigation of the content of these debates, the formation of the text, and the glossaries used. It reveals that the author of ''Fei Ru Xia'' did not understand the essence of Confucianism and had not studied relevant Confucian Classics. The discourse in this chapter lacks the rigor of Mohist thoughts and does not align with its core principles. The author often bases their arguments on verifiable or popular texts, furtherly adds slanderous or false statements to create a semblance of authenticity. The glossaries used in the text appears to intentionally mimic older terms, modifying or excerpting them to create new glossaries and phrases, presenting them as original. The analysis indicates that the used glossaries dates to a later period, possibly close to the Han dynasty. The composition of ''Fei Ru Xia'' likely occurred at the end of the Warring States period or even later, closer to the Han dynasty.