波蘭的國族打造

Nation-Building in Poland

當代波蘭是一個族群同質性極高的國家，然而其國族打造，深受其歷史經驗、地緣政治以及與周邊國家的關係影響，本文從幾個面向來探討波蘭國族打造的議題。本文首先分析了「誰是波蘭人？」，在波蘭立陶宛聯邦時期，貴族身份是界定波蘭性的重要指標，十九世紀亡國時期則轉向以語言、宗教和文化來定義波蘭人，而當代波蘭則面臨族群民族主義和公民民族主義的選擇。接著，本文探討了波蘭國族打造過程中，如何平衡歷史光榮與現狀維持，並透過與周邊國家和解，積極加入歐盟和北約。文章進一步分析了波蘭身處東西歐邊界地帶的特殊身份，以及波蘭人對自身文化歸屬的認知。最後，本文探討了波蘭的涉外關係，特別是與德國和解和對歐盟的態度。總之，當代波蘭的國族打造是平衡歷史經驗、地緣政治和周邊國家關係的結果，波蘭選擇接受現狀，努力成為民主民族國家並融入歐洲，但同時也面臨著歷史記憶、鄰國關係和歐洲一体化定位等挑戰。

This article examines the nation-building process in contemporary Poland, focusing on how Poland addresses its complex history, geopolitics, and international relations. It begins by analyzing the question,“Who is Poles?”tracing the evolution of Polish identity throughout history and the contemporary choice between ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. The article then explores how Poland balances its historical glory with maintaining its present status, while seeking reconciliation with neighboring countries and actively joining the European Union and NATO. The article further analyzes Poland’s unique identity, located at the crossroads between Eastern and Western Europe, and how Poles perceive their cultural belonging. Finally, it discusses Poland’s foreign relations, particularly its reconciliation with Germany and its stance toward the European Union. The article emphasizes that contemporary Poland’s nation-building is the result of balancing historical experiences, geopolitics, and relations with neighboring countries. Poland has chosen to accept the current status quo, striving to become a democratic nation-state and integrate into Europe, while also facing challenges related to historical memory, relations with its neighbors, and its role in European integration.